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Terms: humans
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  1. Pollution and Humans (Kids' Almanac)
      Provides a timeline of events related to protecting the environment from pesticides, poisons, and other pollutants.

  2. Human Evolution - First Humans (Liozos)
      Provides pictures of fossils and artifacts believed to be early forms of humans. 5-00

  3. Dolphin Intelligence Compared to Humans (Blackstock)
      Provides comparisons in intelligence and language development.. 6-00

  4. Evolution of Humans - A New Genus (National Geographic Society - Krause)
      Reports of a possible new genus of early hominids. The name of the new hominid is Kenyanthropus platyops. 3-01

  5. Terraforming Mars for Humans (HowStuffWorks.com)
      Describes how Mars may be changed to allow humans to live there. 4-01

  6. Humans Came from One Species (ScienceDaily.com)
      Summarizes a finding that all humans evolved from one species of Homo erectus. 6-02

  7. Oldest Homo Sapiens Humans Found (TalkOrigins.org)
      "Some new fossils from Herto in Ethiopia, are the oldest known modern human fossils, at 160,000 yrs. The discoverers have assigned them to a new subspecies, Homo sapiens idaltu, and say that they are anatomically and chronologically intermediate between older archaic humans and more recent fully modern humans. Their age and anatomy is cited as strong evidence for the emergence of modern humans from Africa, and against the multiregional theory which argues that modern humans evolved in many places around the world." 06-03

  8. History of Humans (BBC News)
      Provides a history of humans. 6-04

  9. Hobbit-Sized Ancient Humans Found (ABC News)
      "Subsequent finds of other similarly sized, 3-foot-tall humans with brains the size of grapefruits in a cave on the Indonesian island of Flores suggest these 18,000-year-old specimens weren't a quirk of an ancient hominin, but part of an entire species of miniature people whose existence overlapped with that of modern Homo sapiens."

      "Brown and the other authors suggest that the newly found species, named Homo floresiensis, arrived on the island of Flores, in Indonesia's Nusa Tenggara region, in the form of Homo erectus, the first large-brained hominin that emerged some 2 million years ago in Africa and Asia." 10-04

  10. -11-20-04 Humans Natural Long Distance Runners (ABC News)
      "From our spring-loaded ligaments to our muscular behinds to our ability to sweat, the human body took the ideal shape of a long-distance runner starting some 2 million years ago, the researchers say. The long, lean build helped us scavenge widely scattered kills and could also have been an advantage when hunting down prey over long distances." 11-04

  11. Footprints of Early Modern Humans Found (NationalGeographic.com)
      "To paleoanthropologists, 'Eve' is a hypothetical female who lived somewhere in Africa between 100,000 and 300,000 years ago. She carried a particular type of mitochondrial DNA—genetic material that is passed on only through females. Scientists measuring the range of variation in mitochondrial DNA in different populations today have concluded that we all descend from one common female ancestor—'Eve.' "

      “ 'It’s highly unlikely, of course, that the actual 'Eve' made these prints,' Berger said, 'but they were made at the right time on the right continent to be hers.' ” 8-97

  12. Future of Humans (MSNBC News)
      "Where are humans headed? Here's an imprudent assessment of five possible paths, ranging from homogenized humans to alien-looking hybrids bred for interstellar travel.”

      "When it comes to intelligence, some scientists say, the most likely route to our future enhancement — and perhaps our future competition as well — just might come from our own machines."

      On the other hand, "Two intelligent species, human and machine, just might work together to spread life through the universe." 9-05

  13. Future of Humans - Distant Future (MSNBC News)
      Projects up to 4 million years into the future. 9-05

  14. Study: Chimps More Similar to Humans than Apes (Astrobio.net)
      "The results also confirm that there is very little difference in the alignable regions of the human and chimp genomes. Taken together, the study's findings suggest that humans and chimps are more closely related to each other than the chimps are to the other great apes."

      " 'I think we can say that this study provides further support for the hypothesis that humans and chimpanzees should be in one genus, rather than two different genus' because we not only share extremely similar genomes, we share similar generation time,' said Yi." 02-06

  15. -03-14-06 Scientist: 50-50 Chance of Bird Flu Hitting Humans (ABC News)
      "Robert G. Webster is one of the few bird flu experts confident enough to answer the key question: Will the avian flu switch from posing a terrible hazard to birds to becoming a real threat to humans?"

      "There are 'about even odds at this time for the virus to learn how to transmit human to human,' he told ABC's 'World News Tonight.' Webster, the Rosemary Thomas Chair at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn., is credited with being the first scientist to find the link between human flu and bird flu." 03-06

  16. Homo sapiens sapiens, the evolution of current humans.

  17. Homo Genus or Humans (Wikipedia.org)
      "Homo is the genus that includes modern humans and their close relatives. The genus is estimated to be between 1.5 and 2.5 million years old. All species except Homo sapiens are extinct. " 03-06

  18. Editorial: Genetic Mutation in the Brain Changed Humans (StanfordAlumni.org)
      "Most anthropologists agree that modern behavior emerged around 45,000 years ago, dramatically changing how people thought and lived." 03-06

  19. Simulation Study: Common Ancestor of All Living Humans Lived "Recently" (ABC News)
      "Allowing very little migration, Rohde's simulation produced a date of about 5,000 B.C. for humanity's most recent common ancestor. Assuming a higher, but still realistic, migration rate produced a shockingly recent date of around 1 A.D." 07-06

  20. PowerPoint Presentations and Lessons on Early Humans (Pete's PowerPoint Station)
      Provides lessons by topic area. 1-07

  21. Scientists: BPA Chemical May Be a Problem for Humans (PBS.org)
      "The chemical bisphenol A, known as BPA, is used to make many common plastic products used in U.S. homes, including baby bottles. Scientists and expert panels have been tasked with determining whether BPA has adverse effects on human health." 10-07

  22. Where Humans Are Headed Genetically (U.S. News)
      "Hawks is among a growing number of scientists who are using whole-genome sequencing and other modern technologies to zero in on just how we've changed. Their research is helping illuminate not only how humans became what we are but also where we might be headed." 07-08

  23. -02-03-09 Nurtured Apes Show Higher IQ than Humans at 9 Months (MSNBC News)
      "Orphaned infant chimpanzees that received attentive, nurturing care from human surrogate mothers were found to be more intellectually advanced than the average human baby when both groups were compared at the age of nine months, according to a new study published in the latest issue of Developmental Psychobiology."

      "Lead researcher Kim Bard added, however, that 'Clearly the extensive linguistic ability of humans, and their ability to construct complex objects, such as the computer I'm using now, are beyond the capacity of chimpanzees.' "

      Researcher Van Ijzendoorn commented also. " 'At the moment, hundreds of thousands of orphans — either social orphans abandoned by their parents or orphans who lost their parents because of AIDS (and other reasons) — are raised in orphanages in Eastern European countries, Africa, China, India and elsewhere,' he said, concluding that 'enrichment of the environment in the orphanages can make a big difference in cognitive development, and we think also for emotional development.' " 02-09

  24. Did Humans Kill Off Neanderthals? (Time.com)
      "It is one of the world's oldest cold cases. Sometime between 50,000 and 75,000 years ago, a Neanderthal male known to scientists as Shanidar 3 received a wound to his torso, limped back to his cave in what is now Iraq and died several weeks later. When his skeleton was pieced together in the late 1950s and early '60s, scientists were stumped by a rib wound that almost surely killed him, hypothesizing that it could have been caused by a hunting accident or even a fellow Neanderthal. New research suggests that Shanidar 3 may have had a more familiar killer: a human being." 07-09

  25. Personal Assistance (HumanSearch)
      Finds humans to help find answers.

  26. Parasites in Humans (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
      Provides an alphabetical list of conditions resulting from worms or insects and provides articles on each condition, such as river blindness, trichinosis, or hookworm infection. Does not provide a picture of roundworms or other parasites. Many of the articles are for physicians, but some are for families. 6-01

  27. Genes and Miniaturization - Beyond Biology (US Department of Energy and the Human Genome Project)
      Describes how information from genes applies to miniaturization and helping humans.

  28. Eukaryota (UCMP)
      This kingdom includes the organisms we are most familiar with, including plants and animals. For instance, humans are mammalia (mammals) of the vertebrata (vertebrates), which are, in turn, metazoa (animals) of the eukaryota kingdom. What are the other kingdoms?

  29. Sharks (Bilson)
      Provides information for studying sharks, including the different types of sharks and the level of danger to humans for each.

  30. Classification of Hominids - How They Are Classified (Foley)
      Provides the criteria by which ancient fossils are classified as hominids or early humans.

  31. Classification of Hominids - What Has Been Found (Foley)
      Provides a history of findings, what was found, and pictures of skulls of early humans.

  32. Appreciation of Insects (Sear)
      Provides information on the different orders of insects, along with pictures. Shows how humans and insects interrelate and need each other.

  33. Pheromones (CNN - Rowland)
      Provides results from research that pheromones, chemicals that are received by the nose as smells, can affect human ovulation. Since humans are not aware of the smells, the mechanism by which ovulation is affected is still unknown.

  34. Primates (UCMP)
      Provides links descriptions and pictures of each species of primate, including lemurs, sifakas, aye-ayes, pottos, galagos, tarsiers, marmosets, siamangs, tamarins, lorises, lepilemurs, monkeys, gibbons, great apes, and, of course, humans. 3-00  

  35. Genome Mapping by Organism (Nature)
      Provides genome research summaries for humans, mice, rats, elegans, tuberculosis, and other organisms that have been mapped. 6-00

  36. Mosquitoes (Insecta-Inspecta.com)
      Provides an interesting description of mosquitoes that transmit diseases to humans, such as malaria or yellow fever. Includes pictures. 10-00

  37. Genetically Modified Monkey (National Geographic Society)
      Provides news on a rhesus monkey that was given a genetic marker during fertilization. Scientists believe that the procedure can be used to introduce medical conditions, such as diabetes, into monkeys in order to speed research efforts for cures for humans. 1-01

  38. Microbes that Benefit the Environment (Michigan State University)
      Dirtland describes different ways that certain microbes benefit the environment for humans. 2-01

  39. Piranhas (S. America Zoological Society & Www.Piranha.Org - Grossman)
      Provides a comprehensive description of the fish, including its safety to humans. 2-02

  40. Greenhouse Effect - Human Contribution (UMAC - OCP)
      Shows the amount and types of greenhouse gases contributed by humans. 4-02

  41. Second Oldest Hominids - Six Million Years Old (Time - Robinson)
      Discusses the oldest hominid fossil, Orrorin tugenensis. "Indeed, suggests Haile-Selassie, while Orrorin may be one of the earliest chimps or an ape that became extinct, it could also turn out to be the last common ancestor of humans and chimps—a creature paleontologists have been dreaming of finding for decades." 5-02

  42. Water Discovered on Mars (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
      Describes efforts to find water on Mars on the Odyssey project. 'The signal we're getting is loud and clear. There's lots of ice on Mars," Boynton said. "We're not just looking at surface frost. It's a fair amount of ice." Finding water on Mars means that Humans may be able to live there.

  43. -Defining Archaeology (Crow Canyon Archaeology Center - Lightfoot)
      "Most people know that archaeologists study things that are old, but some people don't realize that the focus of archaeology is on humans who lived in the past. For the most part, archaeologists learn about people in the past by looking at the tools, buildings, trash, and other physical traces that people left behind." 6-02

  44. Solutions (GreenPeace.org)
      Provides news related to climate change caused by humans and suggests global solutions. 6-02

  45. Solutions (Choose-Positive-Energy.org)
      Describes climate change caused by humans (by area) and describes project that are providing solutions. 6-02

  46. Solutions - Renewable Energy Facts (Choose-Positive-Energy.org) star
      Describes renewable energy options that could reverse the trend toward climate change caused by humans.

      "There is enough wind resource spread across the six continents to meet the entire energy consumption of the world roughly four times over." 6-02

  47. Corporate Charters - Limitations of the Past (Grossman and Adams)
      "Many colonial citizens argued that under the Constitution, no business could be granted special privileges. Others worded that once incorporators amassed wealth, they would use their corporate shields to control jobs and production, buy off the press and dominate elections and the courts." However, in 1886 the U.S. Supreme Court granted corporations the same rights and protections as individual persons.

      "Within just a few decades, appointed judges had redefined the 'common good' to mean the corporate use of humans and the Earth for maximum production and profit -- no matter what was manufactured, who was hurt or what was destroyed. Corporations had obtained control over resources, production, commerce, jobs, politicians, judges and the law. Workers, citizens, cities, towns, states and nature were left with fewer and fewer rights that corporations were forced to respect."

      "By rewriting the [state] laws governing corporations, we citizens can reassert the convictions of the people who struggled to resist corporate rule in the past." 7-02

  48. AIDS - Vaccine for AIDS Works (USA Today News - Sternberg) star
      "Nearly two decades after the discovery of the AIDS virus, researchers Monday report for the first time that an AIDS vaccine can prevent infection but with sharply different success rates depending on race."

      "The first full-scale human trial of the vaccine, AIDSVAX, indicates that although the vaccine failed to protect whites and Hispanics, it appears to be effective in Asians and blacks. Blacks account for half of all new infections in the USA, federal statistics show."

      "Jose Esparza, director of AIDS vaccine research for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), called the finding 'probably the most important accomplishment in vaccine research in 15 years. This is the first time anyone has shown protection (against HIV) in humans, not monkeys.' "

      "Although the vaccine failed to provide protection overall, it was 78.3% effective in blacks and 68% effective in Asians." 2-03

  49. 12-17-03 Prehistoric Art from 33,000 Years Ago Found (NationalGeographic.com)
      "Humans have had a refined artistic bent for at least 33,000 years, according to the discovery of three deftly carved ivory figurines in a cave in southwestern Germany. The miniature statues include a horse, a diving waterfowl, and a half-man, half-lion." 12-03

  50. Chimpanzees - Facts (SavetheChimps.org)
      Provides facts about the daily lives of Chimps. Also has programs for saving them from humans. 12-03

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