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Also Try Algae as an Alternative Biofuel Diesel Vehicles Fuel Efficiency for Autos News -08-12-08 Biodiesel From Engineered Bugs (TimesOnline.com) "Using genetically modified bugs for fermentation is essentially the same as using natural bacteria to produce ethanol, although the energy-intensive final process of distillation is virtually eliminated because the bugs excrete a substance that is almost pump-ready." 08-08 Papers -Biodiesel Bus Available Now (NationalGeographic.com) "Biodiesel, according to the Project BioBus Web site, 'is a safe, renewable, clean burning, domestically-produced fuel made from vegetable oils (such as soy and rapeseed) that can be used in existing diesel engines without modifications.' This eco-friendly fuel is refined from vegetable oil, including fryer oil from fast-food restaurants, by combining it with lye and methanol." 10-04 -Biodiesel Fuel for Vehicles (Wikipedia.org) Discusses the strengths and weaknesses of biodiesel fuels as a replacement for gasoline or diesel engines. "Biodiesel is non-flammable, and in contrast to petroleum diesel it is non-explosive, with a flash point of 150 °C for biodiesel as compared to 64 °C for petrodiesel. Unlike petrodiesel, it is biodegradable and non-toxic, and it significantly reduces toxic and other emissions when burned as a fuel." "Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by approximately 50% and carbon dioxide by 78.45% on a net basis because the carbon in biodiesel emissions is recycled from carbon that was already in the atmosphere, rather than being new carbon from petroleum that was sequestered in the earth's crust." "Biodiesel does produce more NOx emissions than petrodiesel, but these emissions can be reduced through the use of catalytic converters. Petrodiesel vehicles have generally not included catalytic converters because the sulfur content in that fuel destroys the devices, but biodiesel does not contain sulfur." "It is one of the most realistic candidates to replace fossil fuels as the world's primary transportation energy source, because it is a renewable fuel that can replace petrodiesel in current engines and can be transported and sold using today's infrastructure." "Current worldwide production of vegetable oil and animal fat is not enough to replace liquid fossil fuel use. Some environmental groups, notably NRDC object to the vast amount of farming and the resulting over-fertilization, pesticide use, and land use conversion that would be needed to produce the additional vegetable oil." "The estimated transportation fuel and home heating oil use in the United States is about 230,000 million gallons. (Briggs, 2004) Waste vegetable oil and animal fats would not be enough to meet this demand. In the United States, estimated production of vegetable oil for all uses is about 33,000 million pounds (15,000,000 t) or 4,500 million US gallons." Although soybean oil is most commonly used for biodiesel in the U.S., algae may supply 200 times more oil per acre, according to the article. 10-05 Algae for Biofuel and Ethanol (Biz.Yahoo.com) "PetroSun, Inc (Other OTC:PSUD.PK - News) announced today that its initial commercial algae-to-biofuels farm is scheduled to commence operations on April 1, 2008. The farm is located on the Texas Gulf Coast near Harlingen, Texas." 07-08 Algae for Biofuel and Ethanol (Popular Mechanics.com) "Given the right conditions, algae can double its volume overnight. Unlike other biofuel feedstocks, such as soy or corn, it can be harvested day after day. Up to 50 percent of an alga’s body weight is comprised of oil, whereas oil-palm trees—currently the largest producer of oil to make biofuels—yield just about 20 percent of their weight in oil." GreenFuel hopes its pilot plant will see initial yields of 8000 gallons of biodiesel and 5000 gallons of ethanol per acre of algae." 07-08 Biodiesel Gains High Ratings (TheSoyDaily.com) "One of the American Biofuels entry vehicles, a 2001 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Turbo diesel, running on 100% biodiesel, captured 'A' ratings in six categories, more than any other 'production class' vehicle entered, including all of the major automobile manufacturers." 3-05 Biodiesel Gains High Ratings (TheSoyDaily.com) "One of the American Biofuels entry vehicles, a 2001 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Turbo diesel, running on 100% biodiesel, captured 'A' ratings in six categories, more than any other 'production class' vehicle entered, including all of the major automobile manufacturers." 3-05 Biodiesel School Project (MSNBC News) "Shanna Nelson, a Harbour Pointe science and technology teacher, worked with the students." " 'I wanted them to approach an environmental problem scientifically, explore a solution and communicate their findings persuasively to other community members,' she said." "To Nelson, it was a fun exercise allowing students from different grades to apply academic skills to real problems." "Biodiesel is more expensive than diesel, but government tax incentives could help it become more popular, said Emily Anderberg, 13, who is also in the eighth-grade." 4-05 Biodiesel-Compatible Cars List (Biodieselfillingstations.co.uk) Lists cars that are compatible with biodiesel fuel. 02-06 How Biodiesel Is Made (Biodiesel.org) "Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics." "Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. The process leaves behind two products -- methyl esters (the chemical name for biodiesel) and glycerin (a valuable byproduct usually sold to be used in soaps and other products)." 10-04 How Engines Work (HowStuffWorks.com) Describes how the following types of engines worK: Diesel Two-stroke Engines, Car Engines, Two-stroke Engines, Gas Turbine Engines, Rotary Engines, Rocket Engines, Stirling Engines, and Steam Engines. Also describes how oil refining works. 10-04 New Tax Incentives for Biodiesel (Biodiesel.org) Tax incentives for using biodiesel was signed into law. 10-04 Using Biodiesel in the Winter (JourneytoForever.org) "Like petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel clouds when the weather gets cold, filling with little crystals of wax that can clog the fuel filter. When it gets colder still the biodiesel gels -- sets solid and won't flow or pour." 10-04 Using Waste Vegetable Oil as a Diesel Replacement Fuel (ShortCircuit.com.ua) Discusses issues and problems with use of waste vegetable oil as a diesel fuel replacement. Provides necessary information, such as iodine concentration, in different oils. 10-04 Using Waste Vegetable Oil as a Diesel Replacement Fuel - Safety (JourneytoForever.com) "Wear proper protective gloves, apron, and eye protection and do not inhale any vapors. Methanol can cause blindness and death, and you don't even have to drink it, it's absorbed through the skin. Sodium hydroxide can cause severe burns and death. Together these two chemicals form sodium methoxide. This is an extremely caustic chemical. These are dangerous chemicals -- treat them as such!" Editor's Note: Awesome Library does not recommend making biodiesel fuel. 10-04 Where to Buy Biodiesel (Biodiesel.org) Provides locations for buying biodiesel fuel. 10-04 Projects Biodiesel Fuel (KentuckyCleanFuels.com) "Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from a wide range of vegetable oils and animal fats. It may be used as an additive (B20) to diesel fuel or a diesel fuel replacement." 9-04 Biodiesel Fuel (KentuckyCleanFuels.com) "Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from a wide range of vegetable oils and animal fats. It may be used as an additive (B20) to diesel fuel or a diesel fuel replacement." 9-04

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