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Lists Fuel Station Locator (Alternative Fuels Data Center) Provides a search engine to locate stations for gaining alternative fuels, such as methanol, ethanol, electric, and natural gas. 12-00 News -04-10-07 As Cars Use Ethanol, Prices for Food Will Jump (ABC News) " 'Almost everything in our refrigerator contains corn,' says Lester Brown of the Earth Policy Institute. 'Whether it's milk or eggs or chicken, pork, beef, ice cream, yogurt — these are all corn products.' " "And consider this: The price of wheat, soybeans and other crops will go up because farmers will be planting less of each." "Brown says the nation needs a 'timeout' in building ethanol distilleries so people can consider the direction in which they are heading." 04-07 -04-18-08 Nonfood Ethanol (Time.com) "But what if you could make biofuels from the parts of plants that we don't eat, like wood chips, inedible sugar cane or corn stalks? It's called cellulosic ethanol — so-named because cellulose, a sugar locked in the hard structure of plants, is the energy source — and Verenium is making it." 04-08 -05-02-07 Energy Bill Proposed by Congress (MSNBC News) "Lawmakers moved ahead Wednesday on a broad energy bill to replace one-quarter of the nation’s gasoline with ethanol." 05-07 -05-28-06 Indy 500 Racers Switch to Ethanol (ABC News) "This year, the cars will run on a blend of 90 percent methanol, which is distilled from wood, and 10 percent ethanol, the alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in corn." "In 2007, the cars will run on 100 percent ethanol power." 05-06 -06-25-06 Ethanol Boom Reshapes Heartland (New York Times) "The modern-day gold rush is driven by a number of factors: generous government subsidies, surging demand for ethanol as a gasoline supplement, a potent blend of farm-state politics and the prospect of generating more than a 100 percent profit in less than two years." "The rush is taking place despite concerns that large-scale diversion of agricultural resources to fuel could result in price increases for food for people and livestock, as well as the transformation of vast preserved areas into farmland." 06-06 -06-26-08 Portable Ethanol Maker (GreenCar.com) "By the end of 2008, E-Fuel Corporation will start delivering the world’s first portable ethanol micro-refinery system for home use. It can make ethanol and pump it directly into vehicles. All you need is sugar, yeast, water, and 110-220 AC power." 06-08 Alternative Fuel Sources (PBS.org) "President Bush has proposed replacing 20 percent of America's fuel with ethanol -- and farmers are benefiting from the accompanying rising corn prices. But some analysts are questioning ethanol's environmental effects and its feasibility as a replacement for oil." 10-07 Papers Advocacy - American Coalition for Ethanol (Ethanol.org) ACE is the grassroots voice of the ethanol industry, a membership-based association dedicated to the use and production of ethanol. 05-06 Algae for Biofuel and Ethanol (Biz.Yahoo.com) "PetroSun, Inc (Other OTC:PSUD.PK - News) announced today that its initial commercial algae-to-biofuels farm is scheduled to commence operations on April 1, 2008. The farm is located on the Texas Gulf Coast near Harlingen, Texas." 07-08 Algae for Biofuel and Ethanol (Popular Mechanics.com) "Given the right conditions, algae can double its volume overnight. Unlike other biofuel feedstocks, such as soy or corn, it can be harvested day after day. Up to 50 percent of an alga’s body weight is comprised of oil, whereas oil-palm trees—currently the largest producer of oil to make biofuels—yield just about 20 percent of their weight in oil." GreenFuel hopes its pilot plant will see initial yields of 8000 gallons of biodiesel and 5000 gallons of ethanol per acre of algae." 07-08 Cellulostic Ethanol (HarvestCleanEnergy.org) "Cellulosic ethanol has the potential to substantially reduce our consumption of gasoline. "It is at least as likely as hydrogen to be an energy carrier of choice for a sustainable transportation sector," say the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and the Union of Concerned Scientists in a joint statement. Major companies and research organizations are also realizing the potential. Shell Oil has predicted "the global market for biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol will grow to exceed $10 billion by 2012." A recent study funded by the Energy Foundation and the National Commission on Energy Policy, entitled "Growing Energy: How Biofuels Can Help End America's Oil Dependence", concluded "biofuels coupled with vehicle efficiency and smart growth could reduce the oil dependency of our transportation sector by two-thirds by 2050 in a sustainable way."" "Conventional ethanol and cellulosic ethanol are the same product, but are produced utilizing different feedstocks and processes." " 'The WTW model for cellulosic ethanol showed greenhouse gas emission reductions of about 80% [over gasoline],' said Wang. 'Corn ethanol showed 20 to 30% reductions.' Cellulosic ethanol's favorable profile stems from using lignin, a biomass by-product of the conversion operation, to fuel the process. 'Lignin is a renewable fuel with no net greenhouse gas emissions,' explains Wang. 'Greenhouse gases produced by the combustion of biomass are offset by the CO2 absorbed by the biomass as it grows.' " 07-06 E-85 Conversion Kits Not Available (E85Fuel.com) "No aftermarket conversion company has taken the initiative to certify an E85 kit that would allow a gasoline vehicle to operate on 85 percent ethanol." 05-06 E-85 Ethanol an Option Now (EthanolAcrossAmerica.net) " 'Ethanol provides a wonderful short-term option because we can use corn today to make it, and have significant savings in terms of off-setting gasoline, and modest savings on a greenhouse gas level,' " says Professor Kammen at Berkeley." "But some states, like California, are already moving to deliver E-85 to more gas stations by helping pay the cost of adding the E-85 pumps." " 'The transition is pretty easy. It looks like its $30,000 to $40,000 per gas station to change over and have ethanol-dedicated pumps,' he says." 05-06 Editorial: Brazil Is Almost Independent, We Need to Get Serious (CNN News) "And an astounding 40 percent of the transportation fuel used in Brazil is ethanol. Brazilians say within the next year, they won't need to import a drop of oil. Independence. One official who was in on the ethanol program in its earliest days 30 years ago smiled impishly and told me, 'We won.' " "In the U.S., ethanol represents only 3 percent of the fuel we burn." 03-06 Ethanol (E85) Fueling Stations in the USA (E85Fuel.com) Provides a map. Most states have some fueling stations, but almost all of the stations that are available to the public are in the Midwest. 05-06 Ethanol (E85) Vehicles (E85Fuel.com - National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition) Provides a list of vehicles, mostly pickups and other large vehicles with relatively poor MPG. Ford Taurus was available as a Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) in earlier models but only carries a fleet model for 2006. 05-06 Ethanol Pollution Surprise (CBS News) "Factories that convert corn into the gasoline additive ethanol are releasing carbon monoxide, methanol and some carcinogens at levels 'many times greater' than they promised, the government says." "There are 61 ethanol plants, primarily in the Midwest, producing 2.3 billion gallons a year, and another 14 under construction. By the end of next year, the industry's output is expected to reach 3 billion gallons." 05-06 Ethanol from Biomass (Wired.com) "Commercializing biomass-to-ethanol technology would also have international political ramifications, according to Datta. Producing 2.4 million barrels of ethanol per day would 'be a $40 billion per year transfer of wealth from the Middle East to our farmers,'he said. Federal funding of biomass-based ethanol should be less controversial because 'instead of six states benefiting, everyone benefits.' " 01-06 Ethanol from Microbes (MSNBC News) "The key to kicking what President Bush calls the nation’s oil addiction could very well lie in termite guts, canvas-eating jungle bugs and other microbes genetically engineered to spew enzymes that turn waste into fuel." "The idea mentioned by Bush during his State of the Union speech — called 'cellulosic ethanol' — skirts that problem [of using up corn supplies] because it makes fuel from farm waste such as straw, corn stalks and other inedible agricultural leftovers. Cellulose is the woody stuff found in branches and stems that makes plants hard." 02-06 Ethanol from Switchgrass (HarvestCleanEnergy.org) "In the Grimm Brother's fairy tale, Rumpelstiltskin spins straw into gold. Thanks to advances in biotechnology, researchers can now transform straw, and other plant wastes, into 'green' gold - cellulosic ethanol. While chemically identical to ethanol produced from corn or soybeans, cellulose ethanol exhibits a net energy content three times higher than corn ethanol and emits a low net level of greenhouse gases." Visitors sometimes spell as switch grass. 01-06 Ethanol from Switchgrass (REAP Canada) "A grandiose scheme is proposed to replant 35 million acres of tallgrass prairie to be used for ethanol.” Visitors sometimes spell as switch grass. 01-06 Ethanol from Switchgrass or Corn Stover (Iowa State University - Baker) "The energy balance from corn, then, is slightly positive. However, ethanol can also be derived from another source, namely, cellulosic feedstocks such as corn stover or switchgrass. In this case, the energy balance is much improved, as shown in Table 1 of this paper by McLaughlin and Walsh. Their data show that while the energy gain from corn grain is 21%, the energy gain from converting switchgrass to ethanol is 343%!” Visitors sometimes spell as switch grass. 01-06 Ford Developing a Hybrid With Flexible Fuel (Ford Motor Company) "At the Washington Auto Show, Ford unveiled the Ford Escape Hybrid E85, a research vehicle marrying two petroleum-saving technologies – hybrid electric power and flexible-fuel capability. Escape Hybrid E85 is the world’s first hybrid vehicle capable of operating on blends of fuel containing as much as 85 percent ethanol, a renewable fuel that can be produced from American-grown corn or sugar beets. And ethanol use releases no fossil-based CO 2, so its use as a fuel in place of gasoline reduces the release of greenhouse gases." 02-06 Hybrid Tax Credit for 2006 (MSN Autos) "Starting in 2006, there's a new reason to buy a brand-new gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle: A new tax credit that can cut your federal income tax bill by as much as $3,000-plus." 03-06 Some May Save $.30 a Gallon on Gas (MSNBC News) "Car manufacturers -- especially GM, Ford and Chrysler -- have put literally millions of what are known as flexible-fuel vehicles on the road. These cars and trucks can burn either plain old gasoline or a mixture of gasoline and ethanol, a type of alcohol. The mix is known as E85." 10-05 Switchgrass (Wikipedia.org) "Switchgrass is often considered a good candidate for biofuel — especially ethanol fuel — production due to its hardiness against poor soil and climate conditions, rapid growth and low fertilization and herbicide requirements. Switchgrass is also perennial, unlike corn and sugarcane, and has a huge biomass output, the raw plant material used to make biofuel, of 6-10 tons per acre." "Switchgrass has the potential to produce the biomass required for production of up to 100 gallons (380 liters) of ethanol per metric ton.[4] This gives switchgrass the potential to produce 1000 gallons of ethanol per acre, compared to 665 gallons for sugarcane and 400 gallons for corn." 07-06

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