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Sub-Topics Arsenic Removal Bottled Water Cisterns Clean Village Water Desalination Governance Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Mercury Removal Purify or Filter Water Rain Barrels Recycling Water Reducing Personal Use Water Leaks Water Pasteurizing Water Pollution Water Pumps Water Reuse Water Shortages Well Water Wetlands Xeriscaping Also Try Polar Ice Caps Ponds Solar Power Cooking and Water Pasteurizing Lists Lake Pontchartrain (Lake Pontchartrain) " 'Lake Pontchartrain' is the second largest salt-water lake in the United States, and the largest Lake in southeastern Louisiana. Lake Pontchartrain is roughly oval in shape, about 40 miles wide from east to west, and measures about 25 miles from north to south. The south shore of Lake Pontchartrain forms the northern boundary of the city of New Orleans." Water Contaminants - Sources (Nevada Bureau of Health Protection Services) Provides sources of information about sources of water contamination, by type of source. Materials Water Cycle (NASA for Kids) Provides a quiz on the water cycle. 7-05 News Eco-Irrigation (Chemilizer.com) "Eco-Irrigation is an environmentally-friendly approach to irrigation. The goal of Eco-Irrigation is water conservation through reduced demand, reduction of run-off and the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer chemical use." 08-08 Protection of Water Resources News (National Resources Defense Council) "NRDC fights to safeguard drinking water, to protect, preserve and restore our rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands and coastal waters, and to promote conservation and better water management in the arid western states." 12-05 Papers -09-12-07 Water Crisis Squeezes California's Economy (Christian Science Monitor) "A recent federal ruling to reduce the amount of water that flows through the delta is likely to boost food prices and trim jobs in agriculture." 09-07 -Freshwater (Wikipedia.org) "Fresh water contains low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. It is an important renewable resource, necessary for the survival of most terrestrial organisms, and required by humans for drinking and agriculture, among many other uses." "Fresh water can be defined as water with less than 0.5 parts per thousand dissolved salts." 06-07 -Freshwater: How Much Do We Have? (National Geographic) "f you had a dollar for all the water in the world, less than half a penny would represent the world's supply of fresh water in rivers, lakes, and wetlands, which includes ponds, marshes, swamps, and bogs. That halfpenny—0.3 percent, to be exact—represents the Earth's surface water, which we draw upon every day to quench our thirst, water our crops, and power our industries." 06-07 -Sustainable Planet (Awesome Library - Adams) Describes a few of the most important things we can do to reduce pollution and global warming, as well as improve the availability of drinkable water for the future. 11-00 Bacteria Eat Toxic Compounds (Nature - Adam) Describes bacteria that digest chlorinated benzene chemicals, such as solvents, to clean up toxic wastes. 11-00 Bacteria That Eat Oil Pollution (Honolulu Star-Bulletin) Provides a description of bacteria that make oil spills nontoxic. 1-01 Bioremediation of Oil Spills (Science Education - Paustian) "Bioremediation is a method used to treat environments polluted with organic or inorganic substances. Research has been conducted on the possible uses of bioremediation since the 1940s. Bioremediation was used in the 1970s for the in situ (in place) clean up of fuel contaminated soil and groundwater." 2-03 Bottled Water Trends, Facts, and Figures (WaterYear2003.org) "Consumption of bottled water in the world increases by an average 12% each year, in spite of its excessively high price compared to tap water. Why do we drink bottled water? What is bottled water? Is it better than tap water?" 04-06 California Running Out of Water (CNN) Describes California's effort to handle the fact that it is running out of water. 1-01 China Running Out of Water Quickly (WorldWaterConservation.com) "The decline in China's capacity to irrigate its crops-signs of which include the drying-up of rivers and wells all over the northern region of the country-is coming at a time when depleted world grain stocks are near an all-time low. With its booming economy and huge trade surpluses, China can survive its water shortages by simply importing more of its food, because it can afford to pay more for grain. But low-income countries with growing grain deficits may not be able to pay these higher prices. For the 1.3 billion of the world's people who live on $1 a day or less, higher grain prices could quickly become life threatening. The problem is now so clearly linked to global security that the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) the umbrella over all U.S. intelligence agencies, has begun to monitor the situation with the kind of attention it once focused on Soviet military maneuvers." Conserving and Harvesting Water in Texas (Bloodworth) Provides brochures and manuals to assist with water conservation. Uses PDF format. 8-00. Downspout Disconnection (Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto) Recommends disconnecting downspouts from sewers to conserve water and reduce pollution. Be sure to have the diversion move the water away from the house's foundation. 12-00 Downspout Disconnection (Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto) Recommends disconnecting downspouts from sewers to conserve water and reduce pollution. Be sure to have the diversion move the water away from the house's foundation. 12-00 Drought Monitor for the USA (Hayes) Provides a color-coded map of the USA, presenting drought conditions. 12-02 Eat Less Beef (NewDream.org) Advocates that each of us eat one less beef meal per week. "If only 1,000 of us take this action, we will save over 70,000 pounds of grain, 70,000 pounds of topsoil and 40 million gallons of water each year!" 11-03 Editorial: Generation Gaps and the Boomer Generation (CBS News) "Our economy depends on massive amounts of foreign oil, no one seems enthusiastic about energy conservation or slowing down our pursuit of conspicuous consumption, and the main goal for many parents is to make sure their children get perfect grades so they'll be accepted into elite colleges." "How long can we keeping heading in this direction? I feel like most of us boomers will be gone by the time the road finally reaches a dead end. But right now wouldn't be a bad time for you people in Generation X and Y and all the other ones coming behind us to start looking for alternative routes." 8-05 Editorial: Water, a Dangerous Commodity (International Herald Tribune) "The latest World Water Forum just concluded in Mexico City is very far from being another international jamboree for jet-setting officials and ministers. Clean and abundant water, long taken for granted in parts of the world, is in fact a scarce and sometimes dangerous commodity for fully two-thirds of humanity. Poor-quality water or the lack of any water at all, kills 10 times as many people as are killed in all world conflicts." 03-06 Essay on Globalization by Corporations and Control of Water (ThirdWorldTraveler.com - Shiva) Provides an essay by Vandana Shiva on globalization by corporations and their control of water in third world countries. 1-02 Farming and Pollution of Water (Natural Resources Defense Council)) Provides examples of farms where use of pesticides and fertilizers have been reduced. "Agriculture contributes more than half of the pollution entering the nation's rivers and lakes; recent studies have identified it as the greatest source of water pollution in the United States." 6-01 Farming and Pollution of Water (Natural Resources Defense Council)) Provides examples of farms where use of pesticides and fertilizers have been reduced. "Agriculture contributes more than half of the pollution entering the nation's rivers and lakes; recent studies have identified it as the greatest source of water pollution in the United States." 6-01 Financing Behind Corporate Water (TomPaine.com) Discusses global trend toward corporate ownership of water supplies. 7-02 Food Chain in Oceans Threatened (Time.com) "Rising carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is threatening to make oceans too corrosive for marine organisms to grow protective shells, according to researchers." "If emissions continue unabated, the entire Southern Ocean, which stretches north from the Antarctic coastline, and subarctic regions of the Pacific Ocean will soon become so acidic that the shells of marine creatures will soften and dissolve making them easy targets for predators. Others will not be able to grow sufficient shells to survive." "The loss of shelled creatures at the lower end of the food chain could have disastrous consequences for larger marine animals." 9-05 Freshwater Availability (UMAC - OCP) Describes freshwater availability, including. Renewable Fresh Water, Fresh Water Availability, Surface Water Processes, Groundwater, Groundwater Overdraft, OCP Definitions. "At today’s population size the world’s annual, renewable fresh water supply provides several times what is necessary for each individual to live comfortably. But global rainfall patterns are not evenly distributed...." 4-02 Freshwater Conservation (PBS - Bill Moyers Reports Earth on Edge) Argues for sustainable use of water supplies. 11-01 Freshwater Getting Scarce (WWF International - Steele) Describes the worldwide problem of gaining access to safe water. "Nearly half of the global population is living without safe water or adequate sanitation, millions of homes are under the threat of recurring floods, and drought and desertification are undermining advances made in food production. The loss of up to 50 per cent of freshwater species over the past 30 years signals that one of the underlying causes of the freshwater crisis is the continuing degradation of land and water ecosystems." 3-02 Future - Top Ten Forecasts (World Future Society) Provides the forecasts of the editors of The Futurist, such as "Two-thirds of the world's population will be chronically short of water by 2050." 1-04 Global Patterns for a Sustainable Planet (Sustainable Development Information Database) Provides global patterns on key issues, such as deforestation, pollution, global warming, and water conservation. 12-00 Grasslands Conservation (PBS - Bill Moyers Reports Earth on Edge) Argues for the value of grasslands and the need to preserve them. 11-01 Growing More Food With Less Water (Postel) Describes the most effective methods to reduce water use in agriculture. 1-01 Guide for Conserving Water at Home (Environment Canada) Suggests ways to reduce water usage. 04-06 Harvesting Water in India (Centre for Science and Environment) Provides evidence that India has a long history of harvesting or conserving water and that it needs to restore its ancient emphasis on this process. 8-00. High Levels of Mercury Found in Fish (Fox News) "The federal government advises pregnant women, nursing mothers and young children to avoid fish with high levels of mercury — shark, swordfish, king mackerel or tilefish. Elevated mercury levels have been linked to learning disabilities and developmental delays in children and to heart, nervous system and kidney damage in adults." "A supermarket industry group said it was not surprised by the survey, because swordfish and tuna are known to have higher levels of mercury. Many stores already offer brochures or have signs, the group said." 9-05 How to Help Fight Pollution of the Oceans (Center for Marine Conservation) Describes steps each person can take to reduce ocean pollution and pollution of rivers. 1-01 How to Help Fight Pollution of the Oceans (Center for Marine Conservation) Describes steps each person can take to reduce ocean pollution and pollution of rivers. 1-01 International Freshwater Conflict (Green Cross International) Describes the availability of freshwater globally and identifies the areas of conflict, along with the intensity of conflict. Suggests approaches to preventing or easing conflict. 02-07 Irrigation on Saline Soils (International Atomic Energy Agency) Provides new methods to extract agricultural products from brackish water and saline soils. 12-01 Keeping Medicines Out of Water (U.S. News) "The recent news that medicines are detectable in our water supply is a good reminder to properly dispose of your medications. While the issue is partly one of medicine being excreted into wastewater, improper disposal of drugs down the toilet is responsible, too, says Kasey Thompson, director of patient safety at the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists." 09-08 Land and Water Conservation Resources (ConservationFund.org) Provides resources to support land and water conservation. Designed more for communities than individual efforts. 1-01 Marine Ecology - Forage Fish (U.S. Geological Survey - Piatt) Provides pictures and descriptions. Explains their role in marine ecology. 1-00 Mercury Now Polluting Our Food Chain - Pollution Is Reversable (ABC News) "Mercury contamination is making its way into nearly every habitat in the United States, not just oceans, according to a report that the National Wildlife Federation will release Tuesday." "[Felicia] Stadler[of the National Wildlife Federation] said she believes the key is for this country — and the whole world for that matter — to realize just how big a threat mercury pollution is to our ecosystems." " 'We need to be as drastic at cutting mercury as we have been in cutting lead,' she said." 09-06 Mercury Toxicity and Seafood (ABC News) "Millions of people make fish — a low-fat, vitamin-rich source of protein — part of their diet for nutritional reasons, or simply because they enjoy the taste. But eating a diet high in fish is becoming increasingly controversial, as some studies tout the benefits of seafood while others argue that the toxic mercury found in some fish outweighs any potential benefits." 10-05 Ocean - Environmental Disaster at Galapagos Islands (CBSNews.com) Describes the damage caused by the tanker ship Jessica leaking diesel fuel into the ocean. 1-01 Pollution Overtaking Rivers and Lakes (USA Today) "More than one-third of the nation's lakes and nearly one-fourth of its rivers contain fish that may be contaminated with mercury, dioxin, PCB and pesticide pollution, the Environmental Protection Agency says" 08-04 Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes in China (MSNBC News) "No country in history has emerged as a major industrial power without creating a legacy of environmental damage that can take decades and big dollops of public wealth to undo." "But just as the speed and scale of China’s rise as an economic power have no clear parallel in history, so its pollution problem has shattered all precedents. Environmental degradation is now so severe, with such stark domestic and international repercussions, that pollution poses not only a major long-term burden on the Chinese public but also an acute political challenge to the ruling Communist Party. And it is not clear that China can rein in its own economic juggernaut." 08-07 Pollution-Eating Microbes (Michigan State University) Provides information on the microbe, Azoarcus tolulyticus, an Anaerobic Toluene Degrader. This microbe can help clean up (bioremediate) pollution, such as oil spills. It needs nitrates, rather than oxygen, to live. 2-01 Pumps - Treadle Pump (Perry and Dotson) Describes the cost-efficiency of a foot powered pump that allows irrigation to work effectively. 1-01 Pumps - Treadle Pump Drawing (Viltec) Provides a diagram of the water treadle pump. 1-01 Restaurants Moving Away from Bottled Water (ABC News) "The newest wave in dining chic is something as common as dirt. It's water -- and not just any water. Tap water. This accessible liquid is back and is being served at some of the finest tables in America." 05-07 Riverways Create as Much Pollution as Highways (Earth Observatory - Kaufman) Describes results of a study of causes of pollution. 3-02 Safe Public Water Supplies - A Guide (EPA.gov) "Virtually every stream, lake, river and aquifer in this country is used as a drinking water source. Protecting these source waters from contaminants is a major national priority in protecting public health through ensuring a clean, safe drinking water supply. Reducing the threat of waterborne illnesses helps save hundreds of millions of dollars annually by eliminating costly health care expenses, lost wages, work absences, decreased job productivity, and additional treatment costs incurred by Public Water Sytems (PWSs) required to meet federal drinking water quality standards. The Source Water Protection Program, authorized by the 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), outlines a comprehensive plan to achieve maximum public health protection." 5-04 Saving Marshes for Carbon Sequestration and Water Quality (Science Daily) "Soil scientists spread material dredged from shipping channels over shore areas to help rebuild marsh areas. Wetlands along the shore protect the land from storm surges, create habitat for wildlife, and the plants that grow in them could sequester three to eight tons of carbon dioxide per acre every year." 08-08 Sewage Recycling (KQED - GreenMeans) Describes a program that sends city sewage to a series of ponds that process the waste naturally and then sends the clean water into the ocean. 12-00 Solutions for the Environment (Awesome Library - Adams) Provides a summary of key activities necessary to reduce air and water pollution, reduce the rate of global warming, and more. 1-01 The New Philanthropy (Time.com) "The merry-go-round is not just a simple piece of playground equipment. It's a PlayPump water system. Lack of access to clean water is one of Africa's biggest health challenges. Through technology developed by an African entrepreneur, the children are pumping clean water for their village when they turn the merry-go-round." 09-06 Toilets - Low Water Usage (TerryLove.com) Compares different low-flow toilets and describes how they work. Recommends several and suggests that early models did not work well. 12-00 UN Warns of a World Water Shortage (BBC News) "More than 2.7 billion people will face severe water shortages by the year 2025 if the world continues consuming water at the same rate, the United Nations has warned." 4-02 Virtual Water (WaterYear2003.org) "Virtual water is an essential tool in calculating the real water use of a country, or its water footprint, which is equal to the total domestic use, plus the virtual water import, minus the virtual water export of a country. A nation’s water footprint is a useful indicator of the demand it places on global water resources." "At the individual level, the water footprint is equal to the total virtual water content of all products consumed. A meat diet implies a much larger water footprint than a vegetarian one, at an average of 4,000 litres of water per day versus 1,500. Being aware of our individual water footprint can help us use water more carefully." 04-06 Water Conservation (Environmental Protection Agency) Describes patterns of water usage within the United States and suggests ways to conserve water. 1-01 Water Conservation (Environmental Protection Agency) Provides activities, experiments, facts, and more for children and adults to understand how water is made safe from pollution. Includes water standards and waste management. 7-01 Water Conservation - Educational Materials (American Water Works Association - WaterWiser) Provides videos for children (by grade level) and adults for conserving water. 8-00. Water Conservation - How to Do It (Scientific American - Martindale and Gleick) Provides essays about how to improve water conservation. 1-01 Water Conservation - The Need (Scientific American - Gleick) Provides an essay about the availability and future needs for fresh water. 1-01 Water Conservation - The Need (SierraClub.org) "The average North American consumes more than 170 gallons of water per day, nearly triple the European level and seven times the per capita average of the rest of the world." 1-04 Water Conservation Needed (Awesome Library - Adams) Suggests steps we can take to reverse a global trend - insufficient drinking water. 8-00. Water Conservation Tips (American Water Works Association - WaterWiser) Provides suggestions for conserving water in the home, garden, and yard. 8-00. Water Conservation Tips (Portland Water Bureau) Provides suggestions for conserving water in the home, garden, and yard. 8-00. Water Disputes and Peace (The Hashemite Royal Court of Jordan - Noor) Calls for a plan to prevent water disputes from resulting in warfare. 10-01 Water Powered Water Pumps (Journey to Forever) Describes ram pumps, water pumps that are powered by water in order to get water to higher elevations. 12-00 Water Pumps and the Power of Women (UNICEFUSA) Describes a project for keeping clean water available in India. 07-06 Water Quality (Willmitzer) Provides a comprehensive outline of information on water quality. 7-03 Water Quality Conditions in the United States, 1994 (Environmental Protection Agency) "About 40% of the Nation's surveyed rivers, lakes, and estuaries are not clean enough to meet basic uses such as fishing or swimming." Lists the sources of contamination by type of water source. 8-00 Water Quality News (About.com - Loverde) Provides news and articles related to improving water quality. 2-01 Water Standards and Children (Environmental Protection Agency) Provides information about drinking water and children's health. Provided in PDF format. 8-00 Water Use in the Home and Outside (American Water Works Association - WaterWiser) Provides pie charts showing how we use water and how much we would use if we are careful. 8-00. Water and Fish Ecology (Cornell) Provides aquatic systems management information. Water and Health (WaterYear2003.org) "Water-related diseases are a growing human tragedy, killing more than 5 million people each year - 10 times the number of people killed in wars. About 2.3 billion people suffer from diseases linked to dirty water. Some 60% of all infant mortality worldwide is linked to infectious and parasitic diseases, most of them water-related." 04-06 Water for Life Program of the United Nations (United Nations) "The primary goal of the 'Water for Life' Decade is to promote efforts to fulfill international commitments made on water and water-related issues by 2015." "These commitments include the Millennium Development Goals to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by 2015 and to stop unsustainable exploitation of water resources." 04-06 Water on the Earth (UMAC - OCP) Describes availability of water on the Earth, including Water Planet, Physical Symptoms of Water Stress, Hydrologic Cycle, and World's Water Supply. "Of all the water on Earth, more than 97% is salt water held in the oceans. The remaining 3% constitutes the fresh water supply on the planet. The majority of fresh water is held in ice (glaciers and polar ice caps) and a large proportion also lies too far underground to be exploitable. The amount of fresh water directly available is less than 1% of the total water in the Earth System." 4-02 World Water Availability by Country (WorldWater.org) Provides a list of the amount of water available for each country, by region. 1-02 World Water Day (International Atomic Energy Agency) Provides resources on the study and improvement of the availability of clean water. More for scientists than students. 12-01 World Water Day (World Water Day 2002) Provides articles related to water conservation and use for development. 5-02 World Water Shortage Has Started (Boston Globe - Rothfeder) Provides facts about the current and growing shortage of drinkable water. "But the reality we face is sobering: water -- nature's most essential element -- is becoming dangerously scarce. A freshwater crisis has already begun that threatens to leave much of the world dry in the next 20 years, without enough water for a minimum quality of life." "Nearly 2.2 billion people in more than 62 countries, one-third of the world's population, are starved for water." 1-02 Periodicals Water Supply for the Earth (Kids' Almanac) Provides information on where water on earth is located and how much is fresh water versus salt water. Projects Average Rainfall by State (Country Studies) Provides average inches of rainfall by state, city, and month. 08-07 Downspout Water Diversion Program in Portland (PortlandOnline.com) Describes a program that diverts water from stormsewers. 3-04 Drinking Water Experiments (Environmental Protection Agency) Provides projects for children to better understand the importance of drinking water safety. Provided in PDF format. 8-00 Groundwater - A Guide to Protecting Groundwater from Pesticides (Friends of the Earth) Describes the problem of pesticides in groundwater and drinking water, as well as suggestions for taking action. (Sometimes visitors misspell as ground-water or ground water.) 11-00 Groundwater Exploration (EarthWaterGlobal.com) "EarthWater Global locates, develops and manages previously overlooked, large-scale, sustainable groundwater resources. EarthWater's President, Robert Bisson, has developed and demonstrated a revolutionary concept of how fresh water is transmitted through tectonic fractures in bedrock and stored in 'Megawatersheds'. " "EarthWater Global draws on data generated from a variety of technologies, developed for and used by the oil and gas industry, to locate and develop these vast groundwater resources on a low-cost, sustainable basis." 06-07 Harvesting Rainwater in Portland (PortlandOnline.com) Describes alternative ways of using water that would have been diverted into the stormsewer by downspouts. 3-04 PlayPumps Provide Clean Water -- and Fun (GivenGain.com) "This innovative water pump that doubles as a children’s merry-go-round is bringing clean water – and a better life – to hundreds of thousands of families in Africa." "It’s a simple idea. As children spin on a merry-go-round, water pumps from below the ground. It is stored in a tank just a few feet away, making a safe, plentiful supply of water available in the community." 09-06 PlayPumps and Clean Water (GivenGain.com) "Unless we act now, by 2025 the number of people who lack access to clean water could increase to 2.3 billion." 09-06 Rapper in a Battle for Clean Water (ABC News) "After doing some research he [Jay-Z] learned that the lack of clean water is a global crisis that blights the lives of millions of people every day. The United Nations estimates that more than 1 billion people do not have access to clean drinking water and more than 2.6 billion live without proper sanitation." 11-06 Toilets - Composting Toilets (Solareco.com - Real Goods) Answers frequently asked questions about composting toilets. 2-02 Toilets - Composting Toilets and Greywater Systems (Solareco.com - Real Goods) Describes the types of composting toilets that have been used in the past and includes a section on creating a greywater system. A greywater system reuses water from the drains of a house by filtering it and then making available for yard irrigation. 2-02 Tree Planting (American Forests) Provides information on tree planting. Research suggests that urban areas need at least 40 percent coverage of trees for good quality of life. Trees reduce pollution, keep water in the soil, provide oxygen to the air, and provide shade from the sun during the summer to reduce air conditioning costs. 9-01 Water Conservation (Toiletology.com) Describes how water is used in a household (USA) and how it can be conserved. 11-04 Water Conservation Tips (Solareco.com - Real Goods) Provides 10 tips for conserving water in the home and yard. 2-02 Water Contaminants Experiment (American Water Works Association) Shows how carelessness can cause our groundwater supplies to be polluted. Water Pasteurizing - Solar Puddle Design (SolarCooking.com) Describes a solar puddle for pasteurizing water. Devices can supply enough clean water for a family or a community for several dollars each. 10-04 Water Pasteurizing Guidelines (SolarCooking.com) Discusses how to test for proper pasteurization of water for safety in developing countries. 10-04 Water Pasteurizing Instructions (SolarCookers.org) "Regardless of the type of solar cooker used, a way of knowing that the water reached the pasteurization temperature is needed. An inexpensive device that does this was developed, and is shown in the Fig. 2. It is a plastic tube with both ends heated, pinched, and sealed, and with a particular type of soybean fat in one end that melts at 154º F. The tube itself is buoyant, but is weighted with a washer so it sinks to the bottom (coolest) part of the water, with the fat in the high end of the tube. If the fat is found in the low end of the tube at any time after, the water reached the proper temperature, even though the water may have since cooled down. A nylon string makes it easy to take the tube out without recontaminating the water. The tube is reused by flipping it over and sliding the string through the other way. Since heating the water to the pasteurization temperature rather than the boiling point reduces the energy required by at least 50%, the fuel savings offered by this simple device alone is considerable." Provides a diagram. 10-04 Water and Soil Conservation (USDA) Purchase Resources -Basic Facts About Freshwater Availability in the World (USInfo.state.gov) "If the world's water supply is compared to one gallon (3.8 liters), freshwater would make up 4 ounces (118 milliters) or 3 percent, and readily accessible freshwater would make up 2 drops. (Miller, G.T. 1998. Living in the Environment, 10th Edition. Wadsworth Publishers, Belmont, California)" 08-07 Downspout Extender (Improvement Catalog) Extends the water from the downspout away from the house to help prevent damage to the foundation. 12-00 Tips for Saving Water (Texas Water Board) Provides nine tips. 08-07 Water Pasteurizing Indicator (SolarCookers.org) Provides an indicator for $6. 05-08 Research 09-04-03 Dean Kamen Develops Sterling Engine (Truthtrek.com) "Last year he also expressed interest in developing the Stirling for use as a 500-watt power generator and water purifier in developing countries. In explaining his 'Small is Beautiful' concept, Kamen has noted that more than a billion people in impoverished areas lack access to safe water. 03-06

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