Sub-Topics Battery Power Also Try Commuting Alternatives Electric Assisted Bicycles Electric Golf Carts Electric Mopeds Electric Motorcycles Flywheel Energy Storage Fuel Cell Power Hybrid Vehicles Tricycles Lesson Plans Alternative Fuels for Cars (School Discovery)Provides lessons for alternative fuels for cars. "Pretend that you live in the year 3000. Your group is a team of archaeologists who have been studying the very interesting time period of A.D. 2000-2050." 1-02 Lists Electric Vehicles (Dmoz) Provides dozens of sources of information on electric vehicles. 1-02 Papers -China Plans to Be World Leader in Electric Cars (New York Times) "Chinese leaders have adopted a plan aimed at turning the country into one of the leading producers of hybrid and all-electric vehicles within three years, and making it the world leader in electric cars and buses after that." 04-09 -Electric Cars (Awesome Library) Summarizes developments on electric and fuel cell power for cars. -GM, Segway Introduce Urban Vehicle (CBS News) "The Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility, or PUMA, project also would involve a vast communications network that would allow vehicles to interact with each other, regulate the flow of traffic and prevent crashes from happening." "The 300-pound prototype runs on a lithium-ion battery and uses Segway's characteristic two-wheel balancing technology, along with dual electric motors. It's designed to reach speeds of up to 35 miles-per-hour and can run 35 miles on a single charge." 04-09 A Brief History of Electric Cars (Time.com) "The best way for GM to answer its critics is with a green leap forward — and the company is working with every available technology. GM presented the Chevrolet Volt — a plug-in hybrid that can run on battery power, biodiesel or gasoline — as a 2007 concept car. The company will soon roll out Project Driveway, a consumer test of more than 100 hydrogen-fuel-cell cars, which convert hydrogen to energy and produce no harmful emissions." 10-07 A Review of the Volt (New York Times) "Here’s what really got me, though: on the dashboard, alongside the gauge that measures the battery life, the Volt has another gauge that calculates the vehicle’s miles per gallon. During the two-hour drive to Southampton, I used two gallons of gas, a quarter of the tank. Thus, when I drove into the driveway, it read 50 miles per gallon." "The next day, after the overnight charge, I didn’t use any gas. After driving around 30 miles in the morning, I recharged it for a few hours while I puttered around the house. (It takes 10 hours to fully recharge, unless you buy a special 240-volt recharging unit.) That gave the battery 10 miles, more than enough to get me where I needed to go that evening on battery power alone. Before I knew it, my miles per gallon for that tankful of gas had hit 80. By the next day it had topped 100. I soon found myself obsessed with increasing my miles per gallon — and avoiding having to buy more gas." 06-11 Altair Nanotechnologies Claims Breakthrough in Lithium-Ion Batteries (GreenCarCongress.com) "Altairnano replaces graphite anodes with its nano-Titanate material, which provides a very high surface area and reduces hazards by removing the graphite. The NanoSafe batteries charge in less than 10 minutes, have a power density of 4 kW/kg, have 85% charge retention at 20,000 cycles, will not explode and have no thermal runaway, according to the company." 10-07 Autos - A History of Electric Autos (Econogics.com) Provides a history of attempts to make electric vehicles in the USA. Listed alphabetically by company name. 5-01 Autos - Electric Autos (EV's) (EVUK) Describes the latest electric autos. Awesome Library does not endorse these products, but only provides them as examples. 5-01 Autos - Electric Autos by Availability (All-Electric-Vehicles) "Please note that I have only included cars that have a speed in excess of 60km/h and fully-charged range of at least 60km. This may not seem like a lot, but it does get you out and about on public roads and some electric cars known as "neighbourhood vehicles" (or golf-carts) don't even come up to this." 08-11 Autos - Electric General Motors EV1 (General Motors Electric Vehicle) Provides the specifications for the electric car that uses lead-acid or nickle-metal hydride batteries, goes up to 80 mph, and can go up to 130 miles on a charge. The price was listed as starting around 34,000 dollars. Awesome Library does not endorse this product, but only provides it as an example. 6-01 Autos - The Least Polluting Cars (CNN - Environmental Network News Staff) "According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, vehicle exhaust accounts for 70 percent of smog in the United States." The Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight are two of the least pollution cars available in the USA because they use hybrid gas and electric power. The Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) option in the Prius is recommended for maximum control during adverse conditions. 4-01 Batteries - Manganese Lithium-Ion Batteries (Electrifying Times) Describes a new battery built and tested by Mitsubishi. 2-02 Batteries - Zinc-Air (PowerZinc.com) Describes breakthrough air-zinc batteries for a pollution free and more energy efficient solution to storage of electricity. 2-05 Bicycles (Awesome Library) Summarizes strengths and weaknesses of bicycles and makes some recommendations. 6-01 Build an Electric Car (Didik.com) Describes how to design and build an electric car. 2-02 Compressed Air Car (Electrifying Times) Describes the MDI Zero Pollution Vehicle, which runs on compressed air. "In urban areas, the engine powers a five-seat vehicle with a range of approximately 200 km using 300 litters of compressed air (300 bar) stored in either carbon or glass fiber tanks." Factory production of the vehicle is expected soon according to the manufacturer. 2-02 Electric Car with NanoSafe Lithium Batteries (Phoenix Motorcars.com) "Phoenix Motorcars manufactures zero-emission, freeway-speed fleet vehicles. It is an early leader in the mass production of full-function, green electric trucks and SUVs for commercial fleet use. Based in Ontario, California, Phoenix Motorcars uses the NanoSafe™ battery, a non-toxic, all-battery solution to eliminate noise and toxic vehicle emissions that contribute to air pollution." Awesome Library does not endorse these products but provides them as examples. 10-07 Electric Cars (ElectricDrive.org) Lists electric cars that are demos or with limited availability. 8-04 Electric Cars - Lack of Demand or Lack of Commitment (MotherJones.com) Discusses whether there is a shortage of demand for ZEVs (zero emission vehicles) or whether there is a lack of commitment by auto manufactureres to make them. 9-01 Electric Cars Available Now and Recently Available (HybridCars.com) "An electric car is powered by an electric motor instead of a gasoline engine. The electric motor gets energy from a controller, which regulates the amount of power—based on the driver’s use of an accelerator pedal." 11-10 Electric Gizmo Vehicles (Nevco-Ev.com) Provides a three-wheeled electric vehicle. (Discontinued in 2003.) 6-01 Electric Recumbent Trike - EZ-3 (NYCeWheels.com) This is a semi-recumbent and is a A BEST BUY for personal transportation that is an alternative to a car for short trips. Describes an electric trike that costs about 1,300 dollars. It has a maximum power of 1800 watts and continuous power of 1000 watts. It must be registered as a moped or motorcycle, depending on maximum speed. Safety equipment may need to meet federal standards for a motorized vehicle. Awesome Library does not endorse these products, but only provides them as examples. 6-01 Electric Tricycle Car (Electric-Bikes.com) The trike has a full protective body and can go up to 150 miles at 70 mph. 6-02 Electric Tricycle Cars (Electric-Bikes.com) Provides a dozen three-wheel electric cars with surrounding bodies for protection from the elements and other cars. Most can go on the highway and are classified as motorcycles. 06-09 Electric Vehicles Innovation (EcoTrekker.com) Describes new alternative vehicles as they become available or during research. 9-04 Fact Sheet for Electric Cars (Electronic Universe Project) Provides basic energy requirements for an electric car. "A practical motor vehicle needs about 30 KWH of deliverable energy for a range of 100 miles." 1-02 Flywheel Energy Storage - Formulas (Fradella) Provides formulas for developing an effective flywheel for storing electrical energy. Regenerative braking in cars or electric bikes is a variation on the concept. Flywheel Power Assist for Cars (Popular Mechanics) Describes a flywheel energy system, by Aura Systems Flywheel, designed to replace a car's alternator, flywheel, solenoid, starter, and belts. 03-06 Ford's All Electric Volt (USA Today) "There is no direct mechanical connection (fixed gear ratio) between the Volt's extended-range 1.4L engine and the drive wheels. In extended-range driving, the engine generates power that is fed through the drive unit and is balanced by the generator and traction motor. The resulting power flow provides a 10 to 15 percent improvement in highway fuel economy." "Our overriding objective in developing the Voltec electric drive was to deliver the most efficient, yet fun-to-drive experience in both pure electric and extended-range driving. We think our unique technology lives up to its most important promise: delivering our customers with the only EV that can be their primary vehicle, with EV operation for normal daily driving, and extended range driving for weekends, holidays, and longer trips – all with no range anxiety." 10-10 Ford's New All Electric Car Due in 2011 (CNN News) "Ford is preparing to sell an electric car developed almost entirely by an outside supplier. While that may cut down on bragging rights - General Motors created the Chevy Volt in-house - Ford says it also cut down on costs and risk." 03-09 Fuel Cell Cars Available This Year (PowerFrontiers.com) "Hydrogen-powered vehicles, and the fuelling stations to support them will be operated in the Detroit area in Michigan, in Central Florida and in California. The automotive company and the energy provider will provide details of the plan, and show the prototype vehicle and fuelling station." "Available for a test drive will be the latest hybrid electric vehicle technology with an advanced fuel cell to create an all-new, highly efficient, zero-emissions Ford Focus sedan." 2-04 GM Bets Big on New Electric Volt Car (US News) "When GM kicked off the project last January, it announced that the Volt would be able to travel 40 miles—far enough to cover most people's daily commute—on a single charge, before a small gas engine kicked in. There was just one problem: Nobody had ever produced a battery that could power a car that distance, or last for the life of a car, at a reasonable cost. And critics quickly noted that GM had already blown $1 billion in the 1990s trying to build an electric vehicle that was too expensive, took too long to charge, and had no backup engine." 11-07 GM to Introduce the Volt Hybrid Plug-in Electric (MSNBC News) "General Motors already has five hybrid vehicles on the road, but it is banking its future on a radical departure onto the green road: By 2010, the automaker hopes to have a plug-in electric passenger car in customers’ driveways." 07-07 Impact of Electric Cars on U.S. Power Supply (MSNBC News) "Research by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory found that by 2030, if a large percentage of Americans are driving hybrids or electric vehicles and charged them at 5 p.m. at 6 kilowatts of power, then up to 160 new power plants nationwide would be needed to supply the extra electricity." "But the ORNL study also found that if the same number of vehicles were plugged in after 10 p.m., when the toll on the power grid is lowest, charging at low-demand levels would require no additional power plants, and, at high-demand levels, would require only eight additional power plants nationwide." 08-08 Israel Bets on Electric Cars (Time.com) "The Israeli government announced a major initiative to push the nation's drivers toward electric cars on Monday, a move meant to both lessen dependence on foreign oil and address the environmental and health hazards of gas-burning vehicles." 01-08 Israeli Cars and Electric Infrastructure (Time.com) "Shai Agassi, the founder of Better Place, the most sophisticated electric-car enterprise in the world, projects the ebullient confidence of a man facing a giant wave of money. 'Within less than this decade the No. 1–selling car in the world will be the electric car,' he says." 04-11 Smart Cars to Hit USA (MSNBC News) The expected price for the gasoline-powered Smart care is aroung $12,000. "The 60-mpg, two-seat coupes are made by a European company called smart, but the DaimlerChrysler division is not the one selling them here anytime soon. True, they will be sold in Canada starting in September, but not so in the United States." "Heidemann's company, smart-automobile, Inc., signed a deal to sell the cars through ZAP, a California company that until now had specialized in all-electric vehicles. ZAP has agreed to pay $10 million for exclusive rights to distribute the car for 10 years and is now lining up dealers." 9-04 Solar Panel Prices (Myles Recreational Accessories) Provides the Uni-Solar 32 watt flexible panel, which is under 400 dollars. Recommends the use of a controller with the solar panels to protect the batteries from going over 14.3 volts during peak times. Awesome Library does not endorse these products, but only provides them as examples. 6-01 TH!NK Cars Returned to Norway (MSNBC News) "In what would be a u-turn by Ford Motor Co., Norway is expecting the automaker to return its U.S. fleet of electric cars to Norway where they were built so that they can be resold to Norwegians." 9-04 Tax Incentives for Clean-Fuel Vehicles (FuelEconomy.gov) "Qualifying electric vehicles and clean-fuel vehicles (including gasoline/electric hybrids) purchased new are eligible for federal income tax incentives." 4-03 Volt Hybrid Plug-in Electric Review (CNN News) "The Chevrolet Volt will get an estimated 93 mpg-e when running on battery power, 37 mpg when burning gasoline and about 60 mpg overall, according to a new EPA label presented by GM." 11-10 Zap's Alias All Electric (USA Today) "The Alias is a three-wheeled vehicle capable of driving at city speeds. The three-wheel design, as well as lightweight materials and the new lithium batteries are all designed to make the car affordable, Gill says." 10-10 Research Tax Credits Available for Various Hybrids (EVAA.org) Provides credits for each available hybrid car. 11-06

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