Sub-Topics Viruses Also Try Biological and Chemical Warfare Biotechnology Genetics Books College level - Basic Biology (Farabee) Includes Introduction to the Nature of Science and Biology, Chemistry 1 (Atoms and Molecules), Chemistry II (Water and Organic Molecules), Cells (Origins and Cellular Organization), Transport in and out of Cells, Cell Division (Binary Fission, Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction), Laws of Thermodynamics, Reactions and Enzymes, ATP and Biological Energy, Cellular Metabolism and Fermentation, Photosynthesis, Introduction to Genetics, Gene Interactions, DNA and Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics, Protein Synthesis, Control of Gene Expression, Plants and their Structure, Flowering Plant Reproduction (Flower Structure, Fertilization, and Fruits), Plant Hormones and Nutrition, Animal Cells and Tissues, Animal Organ Systems and Homeostasis, the Integumentary System, the Circulatory Sytems, Lymphatic System and Immunity, the Digestive System, the Nervous System, the Endocrine System, the Reproductive System, the Muscular and Skeletal Systems, the Respiratory System, the Excretory System, Development of Evolutionary Theory, The Modern View of Evolution, Biological Diversity (Classification, Viruses, Bacteria, Archaeans, Protists - Stem Eukaryotes, Fungi, Nonvascular Plants and Nonseed Vascular Plants, Seed Plants, and Animals), Human Evolution, Population Ecology, Community and Ecosystem Dynamics, the Biosphere and Mass Extinctions, and Glossary. 12-02 Lists Microbes Information (Microbes.info - Chan) Provides articles, Web sites of associations, information by categories, FAQ's, and more. 2-03 Materials A Leaf from Far, Far Away and Very, Very Close (Florida State University - Davidson) "View the Milky Way at 10 million light years from the Earth. Then move through space towards the Earth in successive orders of magnitude until you reach a tall oak tree just outside the buildings of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida. After that, begin to move from the actual size of a leaf into a microscopic world that reveals leaf cell walls, the cell nucleus, chromatin, DNA and finally, into the subatomic universe of electrons and protons." 9-02 Papers Bacteria (EarthLife.net) Describes types of bacteria and provides drawings. 11-01 Bacteria - Archaean Period of Time (Museum of Paleontology) Covers 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago. "If you were able to travel back to visit the Earth during the Archaean, you would likely not recognize it is the same planet we inhabit today. The atmosphere was very different from what we breathe today; at that time, it was likely a reducing atmosphere of methane, ammonia, and other gases which would be toxic to most life on our planet today. Also during this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form." "It was early in the Archaean that life first appeared on Earth. Our oldest fossils date to roughly 3.5 billion years ago, and consist of bacteria microfossils." 4-02 Bacteria - Proterozoic Period of Time (Museum of Paleontology) Covers 2.5 billion to 544 million years ago. The first life formed on land during this period, including bacteria to animals. 4-02 Bacteria Eat Toxic Compounds (Nature - Adam) Describes bacteria that digest chlorinated benzene chemicals, such as solvents, to clean up toxic wastes. 11-00 Bacteria Eat Toxic Compounds (Nature - Adam) Describes bacteria that digest chlorinated benzene chemicals, such as solvents, to clean up toxic wastes. 11-00 Bioremediation of Oil Spills (Science Education - Paustian) "Bioremediation is a method used to treat environments polluted with organic or inorganic substances. Research has been conducted on the possible uses of bioremediation since the 1940s. Bioremediation was used in the 1970s for the in situ (in place) clean up of fuel contaminated soil and groundwater." 2-03 DNA Vaccines (Suite101.com - Chamberlain) "DNA vaccines have several advantages over the vaccines we currently use. DNA is very stable and does not require refrigeration. No more "cold chain" would be needed. The DNA vaccines give life-long protection and do not require multiple injections throughout our lives. Many different vaccines can be given at the same time eliminating multiple visits and injections." 2-03 Early Life on Earth (AmericanScientist.org - de Duve) "The chemical evolution leading to cellular life on earth almost four billion years ago likely passed through a stage where RNA alone performed all of the functions of the modern macromolecules RNA, DNA and protein. However the so-called RNA world was itself too complex to evolve directly from organic molecules found on the prebiotic earth. More likely, the RNA world emerged from and was supported by a primitive sort of metabolism fueled by the bonds in sulfur-containing compounds called thioesters." 12-03 Extremophiles - Frozen Bacterium (CNN News) "A U.S. scientist claims to have thawed out a new life form, which he said raises questions about possible contemporary life on Mars." "The organism froze on Earth some 30,000 years ago, and was apparently alive all that time and started swimming as soon as it thawed, said Richard Hoover from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama." "The life form -- a bacterium dubbed Carnobacterium pleistocenium -- probably flourished in the Pleistocene Age, along with woolly mammoths and saber-tooth tigers, said Hoover." 02-05 Fleming, Alexander (PBS) Provides a biography of Alexander Fleming, known for his contribution to medicine by his discovery of the role of penicillin in fighting bacterial infections. 3-00 Glossary of Terms Related to Molecular Biology (Murphy) Provides a description of key terms, in layman's language. 1-04 Hepatitis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Provides fact sheets for Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E. 5-00 Microbes (Microbe.org) Describes the different types of microbes, including viruses and bacteria. 11-01 Microbes - Evolution and Types (Microbial World Deacon) Describes the types and roles of microbes, as well as the history of their evolution. Microbial bacteria helped remove toxins from the air of the early earth and gave it oxygen, making it habitable by other life forms. 1-01 Microorganisms and Food (Utah State Office of Education and Utah State Office of Higher Education) Includes yeasts and molds, food borne illnesses, food preservation, and bacteria. 5-02 Molecular Kiss of Death (Nature.com) "Three researchers who unravelled the mechanism behind a molecular kiss of death - a tag that marks proteins for destruction - have been awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry." "Irwin Rose of the University of California, Irvine, together with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko from the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, transformed cell biology during the early 1980s through their studies of how proteins are broken down inside cells. Their work sparked new ideas about how cells regulate themselves and new directions in attempts to treat cancer." 10-04

Arabic, Chinese-Simple, Chinese-Traditional, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese,   Index, New, Search Engines, Dictionary, Bookstore, Licenses, Email Us, About Us, Link to Us, Sponsorships, or Privacy Policy.