Sub-Topics Viruses Also Try Biological and Chemical Warfare Biotechnology Genetics Books College level - Basic Biology (Farabee) Includes Introduction to the Nature of Science and Biology, Chemistry 1 (Atoms and Molecules), Chemistry II (Water and Organic Molecules), Cells (Origins and Cellular Organization), Transport in and out of Cells, Cell Division (Binary Fission, Mitosis, Meiosis, and Sexual Reproduction), Laws of Thermodynamics, Reactions and Enzymes, ATP and Biological Energy, Cellular Metabolism and Fermentation, Photosynthesis, Introduction to Genetics, Gene Interactions, DNA and Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics, Protein Synthesis, Control of Gene Expression, Plants and their Structure, Flowering Plant Reproduction (Flower Structure, Fertilization, and Fruits), Plant Hormones and Nutrition, Animal Cells and Tissues, Animal Organ Systems and Homeostasis, the Integumentary System, the Circulatory Sytems, Lymphatic System and Immunity, the Digestive System, the Nervous System, the Endocrine System, the Reproductive System, the Muscular and Skeletal Systems, the Respiratory System, the Excretory System, Development of Evolutionary Theory, The Modern View of Evolution, Biological Diversity (Classification, Viruses, Bacteria, Archaeans, Protists - Stem Eukaryotes, Fungi, Nonvascular Plants and Nonseed Vascular Plants, Seed Plants, and Animals), Human Evolution, Population Ecology, Community and Ecosystem Dynamics, the Biosphere and Mass Extinctions, and Glossary. 12-02 Lists Microbes Information (Microbes.info - Chan) Provides articles, Web sites of associations, information by categories, FAQ's, and more. 2-03 Materials A Leaf from Far, Far Away and Very, Very Close (Florida State University - Davidson) "View the Milky Way at 10 million light years from the Earth. Then move through space towards the Earth in successive orders of magnitude until you reach a tall oak tree just outside the buildings of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida. After that, begin to move from the actual size of a leaf into a microscopic world that reveals leaf cell walls, the cell nucleus, chromatin, DNA and finally, into the subatomic universe of electrons and protons." 9-02 Papers Bacteria (EarthLife.net) Describes types of bacteria and provides drawings. 11-01 Bacteria - Archaean Period of Time (Museum of Paleontology) Covers 3.8 to 2.5 billion years ago. "If you were able to travel back to visit the Earth during the Archaean, you would likely not recognize it is the same planet we inhabit today. The atmosphere was very different from what we breathe today; at that time, it was likely a reducing atmosphere of methane, ammonia, and other gases which would be toxic to most life on our planet today. Also during this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form." "It was early in the Archaean that life first appeared on Earth. Our oldest fossils date to roughly 3.5 billion years ago, and consist of bacteria microfossils." 4-02 Bacteria - Proterozoic Period of Time (Museum of Paleontology) Covers 2.5 billion to 544 million years ago. The first life formed on land during this period, including bacteria to animals. 4-02 Bacteria Eat Toxic Compounds (Nature - Adam) Describes bacteria that digest chlorinated benzene chemicals, such as solvents, to clean up toxic wastes. 11-00 Bacteria Eat Toxic Compounds (Nature - Adam) Describes bacteria that digest chlorinated benzene chemicals, such as solvents, to clean up toxic wastes. 11-00 DNA Vaccines (Suite101.com - Chamberlain) "DNA vaccines have several advantages over the vaccines we currently use. DNA is very stable and does not require refrigeration. No more "cold chain" would be needed. The DNA vaccines give life-long protection and do not require multiple injections throughout our lives. Many different vaccines can be given at the same time eliminating multiple visits and injections." 2-03 Fleming, Alexander (PBS) Provides a biography of Alexander Fleming, known for his contribution to medicine by his discovery of the role of penicillin in fighting bacterial infections. 3-00 Glossary of Terms Related to Molecular Biology (Murphy) Provides a description of key terms, in layman's language. 1-04 Hepatitis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Provides fact sheets for Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E. 5-00 Microbes (Microbe.org) Describes the different types of microbes, including viruses and bacteria. 11-01 Molecular Kiss of Death (Nature.com) "Three researchers who unravelled the mechanism behind a molecular kiss of death - a tag that marks proteins for destruction - have been awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry." "Irwin Rose of the University of California, Irvine, together with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko from the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, transformed cell biology during the early 1980s through their studies of how proteins are broken down inside cells. Their work sparked new ideas about how cells regulate themselves and new directions in attempts to treat cancer." 10-04 People Have One of Three Types of Gut Bacteria (New York Times) "In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that each person belonged to one of four blood types. Now they have discovered a new way to classify humanity: by bacteria. Each human being is host to thousands of different species of microbes. Yet a group of scientists now report just three distinct ecosystems in the guts of people they have studied." " 'Some things are pretty obvious already,' Dr. Bork said. Doctors might be able to tailor diets or drug prescriptions to suit people’s enterotypes, for example." "Or, he speculated, doctors might be able to use enterotypes to find alternatives to antibiotics, which are becoming increasingly ineffective. Instead of trying to wipe out disease-causing bacteria that have disrupted the ecological balance of the gut, they could try to provide reinforcements for the good bacteria. “You’d try to restore the type you had before,” he said. 04-11

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