Terms: physicists
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- Women Physicists (UCLA)
Provides biographies of 86 eminent woment physicists. 4-03
- Particle Physics - The Standard Model (Fermi Laboratory)
Provides a description of key particles and forces that physicists believe are the building blocks of the universe. Includes a chart of elementary particles and forces. 7-00
- Particle Physics - Introduction (Bradley)
Provides a description of key particles and forces that physicists believe are the building blocks of the universe. 7-00
- Particle Physics - Glossary of Terms (Bradley)
Provides a description of key particles and forces that physicists believe are the building blocks of the universe. 7-00
- Particle Physics - Educational Resources (Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council)
Provides sources of information for particles and forces that physicists believe are the building blocks of the universe. 7-00
- Physics Resources by Topic (Top20Physics.com)
Provides physics resources by topic, including mechanics, optics, acoustics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, atomic, nuclear, relativitiy, quantum physics, astrophysics, history, biophysics, physicists, references, and formulas. 9-01
- Gravity Shielding Experiments Explained (PopularMechanics.com - Wilson)
"Isaac Newton, the first physicist, described gravity as an attraction between two masses (see illustration at top of page). Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity suggests mass actually causes space-time to warp around it. Imagine, for instance, the indentation created by placing a bowling ball on a soft bed.
Both theories explain why apples fall from trees. Scientists consider Einstein's theory superior because it explains also why light–which has no mass–appears to bend in strong gravitational fields."
"Most physicists believe that when NASA flips the switch on its gravity modification experiment, absolutely nothing will happen. Then again, it could start the countdown to a bold new era in space exploration." Editor's Note - The article is dated December, 1997. In August, 2002, Boeing Aircraft announced that it is building an anti-gravity device for NASA. 8-02
- 06-23-03 Scientists Begin Quest to Detect Gravity Waves (SpaceDaily.com)
"Armed with one of the most advanced scientific instruments of all time, physicists are now watching the universe intently for the first evidence of gravitational waves." 6-03
- Superstrings - A Sense of Scale (PBS.org - NOVA)
Displays the relative size of a string in string theory, starting with a picture of an apple from a distance. "The strings of string theory are unimaginably small. And when we say 'unimaginably,' we mean it: Your average string, if it exists, is about 10-33 centimeters long. That's a point followed by 32 zeros and then a 1. It's a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter. (Physicists stick to metric.) Or think of it this way: if an atom were magnified to the size of the solar system, a string would be the size of a tree. Yup, real small." 10-03
- Witten, Edward and "M" Theory (BBC News)
"In the last few years, physicists have learned that the different string theories discovered and studied in different ways are limiting cases of a single, more powerful theory, known as M theory. "M" stands for magic, mystery, or matrix, according to taste. Some of these developments will be explained in this lecture."
"Edward Witten, professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., is arguably the premier theoretical physicist of our time. Renowned for his many contributions to particle physics and string theory, Witten has almost single-handedly constructed a new branch of mathematical physics." 11-03
- 03-18-04 Space Dust to Unlock Mexican Pyramid Mysteries (MSNBC News)
"Deep under the huge Pyramid of the Sun, north of Mexico City, physicists are installing a device to detect muons, subatomic particles that are left over when cosmic rays hit Earth."
"The particles pass through solid objects, leaving tiny traces which the detector will measure, like an X-ray machine, in a search for burial chambers inside the monolith." 3-04
- 08-17-04 Facts About American Competitors (Sports Illustrated)
"America's 531 Olympians include artists, doctors, soldiers, physicists, high school students and even a 52-year-old retiree." 8-04
- Feynman Diagrams (Stanford.edu)
Provides the Feynman diagrams used in particle physics. "Richard Feynman was the physicist who developed the method still used today to calculate rates for electromagnetic and weak interactionGlossary Term particle processes. The diagrams he introduced provide a convenient shorthand for the calculations. They are a code physicists use to talk to one another about their calculations." 01-06
- Loop Quantum Gravity (Wikipedia.org)
"Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a proposed theory of spacetime which is built from the ground up with the idea of spacetime quantization via the mathematically rigorous theory of loop quantization. It preserves many of the important features of general relativity, such as local Lorentz invariance, while at the same time employing quantization of both space and time at the Planck scale in the tradition of quantum mechanics."
"This is not the most popular theory of quantum gravity; many physicists have philosophical problems with it. For one thing, the critics of this theory say that LQG is one theory of gravity and nothing more. There are many other theories of quantum gravity, and a list of them can be found on the Quantum gravity page." 01-06
- Planck Scale (Wikipedia.org)
"The Planck units are often semi-humorously referred to by physicists as 'God's units'. They eliminate anthropocentric arbitrariness from the system of units: some physicists believe that an extra-terrestrial intelligence might be expected to use the same system."
"At the 'Planck scales' in length, time, density, or temperature, one must consider both the effects of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Unfortunately this requires a theory of quantum gravity which does not yet exist."
"Most of the Planck units are either too small or too large for practical use, unless prefixed with large powers of ten." 01-06
- Large Hadron Collider (Wikipedia.org)
"The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a particle accelerator and collider located at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland.... Currently under construction, the LHC is scheduled to begin operation (at reduced energies) in November 2007. The LHC is expected to become the world's largest and highest energy particle accelerator in 2008, when commissioning at 7 TeV is completed. The LHC is being funded and built in collaboration with over two thousand physicists from 34 countries, universities and laboratories." 03-07
- Antimatter (IBL.gov)
"n 1930, Paul Dirac developed the first description of the electron that was consistent with both quantum mechanics and special relativity. One of the remarkable predictions of this theory was that an anti-particle of the electron should exist. This antielectron would be expected to have the same mass as the electron, but opposite electric charge and magnetic moment. In 1932, Carl Anderson, was examining tracks produced by cosmic rays in a cloud chamber. One particle made a track like an electron, but the curvature of its path in the magnetic field showed that it was positively charged. He named this positive electron a positron. We know that the particle Anderson detected was the anti-electron predicted by Dirac. In the 1950's, physicists at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory used the Bevatron accelerator to produce the anti-proton, that is a particle with the same mass and spin as the proton, but with negative charge and opposite magnetic moment to that of the proton. In order to create the anti-proton, protons were accelerated to very high energy and then smashed into a target containing other protons. Occasionally, the energy brought into the collision would produce a proton-antiproton pair in addition to the original two protons. This result gave credibility to the idea that for every particle there is a corresponding antiparticle." 06-07
- The Big Rip (NewScientist.com)
"Stand by for a nightmare end to the Universe - a runaway expansion so violent that galaxies, planets and even atomic nuclei are literally ripped apart. The scenario could play out as soon as 22 billion years from now."
" 'Until now we thought the Universe would either re-collapse to a big crunch or expand forever to a state of infinite dilution,' says Robert Caldwell of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. 'Now we've come up with a third possibility - the "big rip".' "
"Most physicists probably will not be rooting for phantom energy. That is because if it exists, it will cause them all kinds of theoretical headaches. For example, Einstein's theory of gravity predicts the existence of minuscule wormholes - short cuts through space-time."
"Normally they snap shut so fast we never notice them. But phantom energy's repulsive gravity would be powerful enough to hold wormholes open, and perhaps even push them wide enough apart for spacecraft to use them for faster-than-light travel. 'This raises the spectre of time machines and all their paradoxes, which physicists find very uncomfortable,' says Caldwell." 10-07
- -01-26-09 Teleportation Is Real (Time.com)
"Depending on your favorite sci-fi yarns, teleportation is either a very, very bad idea (see: The Fly) or a very, very cool one (see: Star Trek). For scientists, it's just very, very complex, so much so that at this point, teleportation is not a matter of moving matter, but of transporting information. Already, physicists have been able to exchange information between light particles — or photons — or between atoms so long as they were right next to each other. The current experiment marks the first in which information has traveled a significant distance — 1 meter, or a little less than 3 ft. — between two isolated atoms." 01-09
- -02-27-09 The World May Be a Giant Hologram (NewScientist.com)
"The holograms you find on credit cards and banknotes are etched on two-dimensional plastic films. When light bounces off them, it recreates the appearance of a 3D image. In the 1990s physicists Leonard Susskind and Nobel prizewinner Gerard 't Hooft suggested that the same principle might apply to the universe as a whole. Our everyday experience might itself be a holographic projection of physical processes that take place on a distant, 2D surface."
"The "holographic principle" challenges our sensibilities. It seems hard to believe that you woke up, brushed your teeth and are reading this article because of something happening on the boundary of the universe. No one knows what it would mean for us if we really do live in a hologram, yet theorists have good reasons to believe that many aspects of the holographic principle are true." 02-09
- Did a Time-Traveling Bird Sabotage the Collider? (Time.com)
"While most scientists would write off the event as a freak accident, two esteemed physicists have formulated a theory that suggests an alternative explanation: perhaps a time-traveling bird was sent from the future to sabotage the experiment." 09-08
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[Dr. Jerry Adams at jadams@awesomelibrary.org.]
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