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Corporal Punishment


  • American Academy of Pediatrics Recommends Against Spanking (ReligiousTolerance.org)
      "They strongly recommend against the use of physical punishment as a form of child discipline. Spanking might make the parent less frustrated; it might cause the child to stop an undesirable behavior. But they regard it as '...the least effective way to discipline.' " 7-05

  • Council of Europe Bans Corporal Punishment (Council of Europe)
      "The Assembly also notes that the European Court of Human Rights has found in successive judgments that corporal punishment violates children’s rights as guaranteed under the European Convention on Human Rights. These decisions applied initially to corporal punishment in young offenders’ institutions, then in schools, including private schools, and most recently within the family. Moreover, both the European Commission of Human Rights until 1998 and the Court have emphasised that banning all corporal punishment does not breach the right to private or family life or religious freedom." 7-05

  • Global Activism Against Corporal Punishment of Children (EndCorporalPunishment.org)
      "Detailed state-by-state reports on legality of corporal punishment now available." Also includes results from research. 7-05

  • Global Activism Against Corporal Punishment of Children (StopHitting.com)
      Provides information on the prohibition of corporal punishment by state, research results, and more. 7-05

  • Major Professional Groups Oppose Corporal Punishment (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
      "The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry opposes the use of corporal punishment in schools and takes issue with laws in some states legalizing such corporal punishment and protecting adults who use it from prosecution for child abuse. The Academy joins with the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, the American Medical Association, the National Education Association, the American Bar Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and other groups calling for an end to this form of punishment." 7-05

  • Meta-Study Indicates that Corporal Punishment Is Unwise (American Psychological Association - Gershoff)
      "While conducting the meta-analysis, which included 62 years of collected data, Gershoff looked for associations between parental use of corporal punishment and 11 child behaviors and experiences, including several in childhood (immediate compliance, moral internalization, quality of relationship with parent, and physical abuse from that parent), three in both childhood and adulthood (mental health, aggression, and criminal or antisocial behavior) and one in adulthood alone (abuse of own children or spouse)."

      "Gershoff found "strong associations" between corporal punishment and all eleven child behaviors and experiences. Ten of the associations were negative such as with increased child aggression and antisocial behavior. The single desirable association was between corporal punishment and increased immediate compliance on the part of the child."

      " 'Until researchers, clinicians, and parents can definitively demonstrate the presence of positive effects of corporal punishment, including effectiveness in halting future misbehavior, not just the absence of negative effects, we as psychologists can not responsibly recommend its use,' Gershoff writes." 7-05

  • Results of Studies on the Effects of Spanking (ReligiousTolerance.org)
      A study of 442 boys from age four through adulthood revealed a genetic trigger for violence if those with the trigger experienced violence as a child. "If physical abuse during childhood almost inevitably produces anti-social violent behavior among the one third of adult males who are genetically predisposed to produce low levels of MAOA, then one wonders what level of corporal punishment is safe. Perhaps conventional levels of spanking could trigger violence many years later when the child has grown up."

      In another study, "Information for more than 1,800 children were analyzed. Mothers were asked about incidences of cheating, lying, bullying, breaking things deliberately or getting into trouble at school. They were also asked how often, if ever, they had spanked their child in the previous week. Grogan-Kaylor said that: 'Even minimal amounts of spanking can lead to an increased likelihood in antisocial behavior by children....This study provides further methodologically rigorous support for the idea that corporal punishment is not an effective or appropriate disciplinary strategy.' " 7-05

  • School Counselors Against Use of Corporal Punishment (American School Counselor Association)
      "ASCA seeks the elimination of corporal punishment in schools. Professional school counselors promote understanding of and research on alternatives to corporal punishment, seek legislative solutions and advocate for the use of more effective and affirmative discipline methods."

      "Professional school counselors believe that corporal punishment teaches children violence is an acceptable way to resolve differences. In many states, children are the only individuals who officially may be punished, under law, by physical force. Corporal punishment seriously compromises self-esteem and contradicts the fundamental right of all children to be free from bodily pain and injury." 7-05

  • Spanking - A Religious Conservative Perspective (ReligiousTolerance.org)
      "The Family Research Council (FRC) has prepared a very thoughtful analysis of corporal punishment from a conservative Christian perspective . 3 They seem to be quite aware of the hazards of spanking - particularly the possibility of corporal punishment escalating in intensity and frequency until it becomes serious abuse."

      "Although the FRC advocates spanking as a discipline method, they recommend that its use be severely restricted." 7-05

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