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Lists DNA Evidence of Innocence (InnocenceProject.org) " We work to exonerate the wrongfully convicted through postconviction DNA testing; and develop and implement reforms to prevent wrongful convictions. This Project only handles cases where postconviction DNA testing can yield conclusive proof of innocence." 12-02 False Confessions - A Modern History of Interrogation Law (FindLaw - Irsay) "Confessions are one of the most powerful tools in a prosecutor's arsenal, but how far are police allowed to go to get them? Critics and advocates of current police tactics agree that the goal of interrogation is to elicit voluntary and truthful information. They also agree that there are far more gray areas than clear lines when it comes to the rules of interrogations." 12-02 False Confessions and Aggressive Interrogators (The Echo - Ratcliff) "Through his research, [Saul] Kassin has found that confessions are the strongest form of evidence in criminal justice. He then addressed what goes on in the interrogation room and how people come to make false confessions." "Kassin believes 'videotaping is the best protection.' This way, courts can go back later and review how the interrogation was conducted. However, many times the tapes are only turned on when the subject is ready to confess or make a statement. He also said if the camera angle is focused on the accused, they end up looking more guilty than if the camera is focused on both the suspect and the interrogator." Kassin states that many interrogators are trained to use the Reid methods but that the methods are flawed. "Two groups, one untrained and one trained using the Reid school technique, watched the tapes and then made judgments about who was guilty. It was found that the trained group knew the information they were looking for, they were given a 15 question test. However, this group did significantly worse in deciding who was guilty, although they were much more confident in their decisions than the non-trained group." Visitors sometimes misspell as Cassin, Cassen, or Cass. 12-02 False Confessions from False Memories (Hulford) Describes how false memories are created, especially memories resulting in false confessions. 12-02 Pro and Con Essays on the Death Penalty (Office of the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney) Provides carefully selected essays for and against the death penalty. 6-00 Race and Class Bias in Use of the Death Penalty (Office of the Clark County Prosecuting Attorney) Provides carefully selected resources. 6-00 News -09-20-06 Woman Stays in Jail for Months for Failure to Pay Fine (MSNBC News) "A woman held in jail for seven months longer than her original sentence because she was too poor to pay a $705 fine was freed Wednesday, her attorney said." "Hundreds of people in Georgia alone may have suffered extended periods of incarceration due to the failure to pay fines, Geraghty said." 09-06 -12-14-05 DNA Evidence Clears Prisoners After 59 Years in Prison (CBS News) "A lab's review of certain biological samples, which previously had led to the exoneration of three men linked to rape cases, has found that two additional men have been wrongly convicted of sexual assault, the governor's office said Wednesday." "Marvin Anderson, Arthur Lee Whitfield and Julius Ruffin, who were all wrongfully convicted of separate rapes in the 1980s, were freed after Burton's samples were found in their case files in 2001 and DNA testing revealed they were not the perpetrators. The three served a combined 59 years behind bars." 12-05 Papers Death Penalty (Michigan State University) Provides resource materials for examining pro and con arguments related to the death penalty. 1-01 Eyewitnesses - Suggestions for Improvement (National Science Foundation - Frontiers) "Noting a recent National Institute of Justice study that evaluated cases of prisoners who were released from prison after they were exonerated with DNA evidence, Wells pointed out that, in 24 of the 28 cases studied, people had been wrongly convicted based on faulty eyewitness accounts." "Researchers are steadily acquiring data that demonstrate that false identifications can be easily produced. 'If a witness says the suspect had dark, curly hair and only one person in the lineup fits that description, that individual could be falsely identified,' says Wells." 10-02 False Confessions (TalkLeft.com) "Of the 110 exonerations due to post-conviction DNA evidence in recent years, 27 included confessions as evidence, according to the non-profit legal clinic Innocence Project. 'That number is really shocking,' said Richard Ofshe, a leading expert on false confessions and University of California at Berkeley professor. Systemwide, no one knows how often phony confessions occur." 04-06 Lineups and Eyewitnesses - Suggestions for Improvement (Wells) Provides suggestions for improving use of eyewitnesses in identifying the guilty persons. 11-01 Sneakers Help With Crime Detection (NewScientist.com) "I attended a Future of Forensics meeting in London yesterday, and the quote of the day came from computer image specialist Nigel Allinson. 'Luckily, criminals wear trainers [sneakers],' he explained." 04-06 Washington Sniper Attacks and Tips for Eyewitnesses of Violent Events (FoxNews.com) "Personal safety comes first. If you hear the sound of a gunshot, get down and/or seek cover. Look in the direction of the sound. Make a mental note of persons or vehicles in that area." Make note of the more permanent characteristics of the persons, such as height and weight and the more permanent characteristics of the vehicles, such as make and model. Do not talk to other witnesses or reporters before giving your description to the authorities. 8-02

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