Papers Biochar Application Methods (Biochar Application Network) "Line trenching and backfilling may lend itself to high biochar application rates in soil for carbon sequestration while still increasing the agronomic performance of soils. While labor and carbon intensive, the combination of high saturation rates and improved agronomic productivity may make the practice viable. However, like deep banding and subsurfing, it is unknown how well biochar migrates vertically through the soil profile, and performance may deteriorate at small distances from the point of application." 07-11 Biochar Scalability (Biochar Application Networ) "The Biochar Application Network was formed to foster the development of biochar application methods that are technically, economically, and environmentally viable at scale. Through applied research, industry partnerships, and targeted outreach, biochar specific application methods will be developed, verified, and brought to market." 07-11 Biochar Scalability (EarlyWarn.BlogSpot.com) "US carbon emissions currently run about 1.8 billion tonnes of carbon each year, and the US population is about 300m, so emissions per person are 6 tonnes/year of carbon." If wood is the source for biochar, "we would need to char and bury about 30 m3 of wood to offset the emissions of each person in the United States - roughly a medium sized tree." "What would be potentially more reasonable is an incentive, on existing farmland only, to do biochar of agricultural residues." "You might expect to get, very roughly, about the same amount of carbon in the residues as there is in the food supply - a couple of gigatonnes globally. Given about 1.5 billion hectares of arable land globally, or 4 billion acres, 2 gigatonnes of carbon is about 1/2 ton of carbon/acre, which is 1.25 tonnes/acre in carbohydrate terms, which is consistent, for example, with current estimates of harvestable corn stover of 1-1.5 dry tons/acre. Globally, it could be somewhat more or somewhat less, but that's the ballpark." "So a few gigatonnes of biochar carbon sequestration would be very useful, but it's not a panacea for even the current level of 8.5 gigatonnes of fossil fuel emissions, let alone the growth trajectory." Editor's Note: The author is counting only corn stover, not spoiled agricultural waste (up to 50 percent in some countries), wheat residue, or other organic or agricultural waste. Organic waste emits eight times more carbon emissions each year than fossil fuels. 03-10 Biochar Scalability (FluxFarm.com) "Flux Farm is currently conducting several targeted research projects relevant to renewable energy and carbon sequestration development in the Intermountain West. In a region where little is known about the actual opportunities and limitations to bioenergy and biochar development, special program emphasis has been placed on increasing the availability of relevant information in these fields. The following is an overview of our current research initiatives." "Despite building interest among scientists and policy-makers over the potential benefits of biochar, little is known about the logistics of applying biochar to soil at scale in an agricultural setting. In addition, little relevant information exists on how biochar might fit into degraded range and pastureland systems. Application rates are unknown, materials handling procedures remain elusive, and the physical act of applying biochar at scale remains difficult. Flux Farm has been working closely on filling in these gaps and aims to develop biochar best management strategies for the Intermountain West." 07-11 Using Biochar for Mine Reclamation (AspenDailyNews.com) "The effort at Hope Mine could mark a new, carbon-negative approach to reclamation projects on the 23,000 abandoned mines in Colorado’s forests." "For western Colorado’s unhealthy forests, converting dead trees to biochar has been hailed as a way to sequester carbon that would otherwise go into the atmosphere as they decompose naturally." 07-11

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