Sub-Topics Pictures on Mars Terraforming Lesson Plans Astronomy Lessons (NASA Science) Provides lessons on Mars, the sun, meteors, asteroids, comets, and more. 8-00 Lists Map Resources (USG - Kanefsky) Provides dozens of carefully selected educational resources related to Mars. 7-99 Mars Links (Center for Mars Exploration) Provides atlases, maps, facts, and essays on Mars. 1-04 Materials Exploring Mars (Lunar and Planetary Institute) Includes "classroom activities, image collections and slide sets, descriptive text, and references for further study. All documents included in this web site are written at a general level." 1-04 Map - Mars Interactive Map (USG - Kanefsky) Provides a clickable globe of Mars to zoom in to details. 7-99 Mars (Wikibooks.org) Provides a description in simple language. 1-05 Mars - Rusty Sunset on Mars Photograph Provides a sunset from mars taken August 4, 1997. Mars Coloring Book (EnchantedLearning.com) Provides a picture, including the inner structure. 1-05 Mars Pathfinder Image Gallery (CNN) Provides photos and links. Mars Slides (Lunar and Planetary Institute) Includes pictures of Mars. 12-02 Mars and Earth Comparison (Thinkquest.org) Provides a simple comparison for a young audience. 7-05 Spirit Photos from Mars in 3-D (Fox News) "NASA (search) proudly showed off a panoramic, 360-degree, black-and-white shot of Mars from its Spirit rover and eagerly awaited the first color photo taken of the planet in seven years." Reporters had to wear 3-D glasses to get the full effect. 1-04 News -05-26-08 Mars Orbiter Photographs Phoenix's Descent (MSNBC News) "NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander got down its first full day of work in the Red Planet's chilly north polar region on Monday, while the team behind the mission released an unprecedented picture showing the probe's descent as seen from above." 05-08 -08-12-05 Orbiter Off to Mars (ABC News) "A spacecraft loaded with high-tech cameras, antenna and radar began a seven-month voyage to Mars on Friday that aims to gather more data on the Red Planet than all previous explorations combined." "During its first two years, the orbiter will build on NASA's knowledge of the history of the planet's ice. The planet is cold and dry with large caps of frozen water at its poles, but scientists think it was a wetter and possibly warmer place eons ago conditions that might have been conducive to life. Scientists are also trying to determine if it could support future human outposts." 8-05 Mars Portal (NASA - NAI) Provides maps, news, and habitability articles. 02-06 News on Mars Missions (NASA) Provides news on the missions to Mars, including Spirit and Opportunity. 1-04 News on Missions to Mars (NASA - Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Provides news on missions to Mars, including two unmanned rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, landing in January 2004. 12-03 Opportunity for Teachers: Liaisons to NASA (Phoenix Mars Mission) "The Phoenix Mars Lander and Mars 2001 Odyssey missions invite eight pairs of middle and/or high school science teachers to immerse themselves in a weeklong summer field experience in Fairbanks, Alaska featuring current polar science research on both Earth and Mars!" "This select group will be an important part of the team for the Phoenix Mars Lander mission, serving as educational specialists and teacher liaisons for the next NASA lander mission to Mars. Participants will become enduring members of the education outreach team receiving updates on the mission status and outreach materials to disseminate." 02-06 Papers An Organism Survives Antarctica, Maybe Mars (Time.com) "Say what you will about the simple, uninteresting lives of microorganisms, they're tough little critters. You try surviving for a million and a half years without heat, food or sunlight and see how you do. A team of National Science Foundation researchers just discovered a species of Antarctic organisms that has accomplished exactly that — and the microbes' unlikely survival can tell us a lot not just about the adaptability of life on Earth, but the prospects for it on Mars." 04-09 Best Ever Picture of Mars (NewScientist.com) "The image can resolve features on the surface of Mars measuring just 27 kilometres across. 'These are the best that have ever been, and will ever be, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope,' says Michael Wolff of the Space Science Institute in Colorado, US." 8-03 Comparing Earth and Mars (Urquhart) Provides a table comparing the two planets and includes comments. 3-02 European Orbiter Finds Water (CBS News) "Europe's Mars orbiter has found the most direct evidence yet of water in the form of ice on the Red Planet's surface, the European Space Agency said Friday." 1-04 Facts and Myths About Mars (CNN News) "We know a great deal about the red planet from centuries of work by astronomers and from decades of data beamed back from unmanned spacecraft like the twin Viking landers, which in 1976 became the first spacecraft to land successfully on the planet." 12-03 Frequently Asked Questions (NASA - Ames) Provides answers to frequently asked questions. Mars (Hamilton) Includes pictures, articles, and links. Mars (KidsAstronomy.com) Provides a picture and information, such as the orbit, rotation, mass, distance from the sun, speed, volume relative to the earth, temperature, atmosphere, and diameter. Even tells how much you would weight if you were there. 11-00. Mars (National Geographic Society) Describes Mars and missions to Mars. 4-01 Mars - Strong Evidence of Life (CNN) Provides the conclusion of scientists that a rock, believed to be 4.5 billion years old, contains fossilized bacteria that originated on Mars. 12-00 Mars Exploration (NASA) Provides news and other information on exploration of Mars. 4-01 Mars Lander Lands (CNN News) " 'It's surprisingly close to what we expected and that's what surprises me most,' said Peter Smith, the mission's principal investigator. 'I expected a bigger surprise.' " 05-08 Mars Lander to Search for Life (Time.com) "You're not very likely to find a penguin on Mars — or a seal or a puffin or a polar bear either. But that doesn't mean there aren't interesting things going on in the planet's polar regions. Life requires water, after all, and water — at least in the form of ice — is found in abundance at the poles. That's why the Mars Phoenix lander is en route to pay a call there, with a first ever touchdown in the Martian Arctic set for this Sunday at 7:53 p.m. (EDT)." 05-08 Mars Surveryor 1998 Climate Orbiter (NASA) Provides information on space flights to Mars. Mars Today Weather Report (NASA) Provides weather reports from 1995-1997. 1-04 Mars Up Close (BBC News - Whitehouse) Shows a picture from the Hubble telescope, from the closest Mars has been to Earth since 1988. 6-01 Methane, a Possible By-Product of Life, Found on Mars (Scientific American) "Last Thursday, at the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society's Division for Planetary Science (DPS), planetary astronomer Michael Mumma of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center announced hard-to-dispute evidence that the gas [methane] is really there. It may yet turn out to be nonbiological, but a living, breathing source is just as plausible." "What makes methane so interesting is that the gas is unstable. On Earth, a methane molecule released into the air typically gets broken down by solar ultraviolet radiation in about 10 years. On Mars, farther from the sun, it lasts about 300 years. The persistence of the gas in our atmosphere indicates it is being replenished--in Earth's case, mostly by bacteria." "Ultimately, however, pinning down the source of the methane will probably require measurements of the isotopic variants of methane, which is hard to do from Earth or Mars orbit but should be possible with landers or special spaceborne telescopes now on the drawing board. Thoughts of a living Mars will tantalize planetary scientists for years to come." 11-04 Mysterious Black Spot Seen on Mars (DiscoverMagazine.com) "The HiRISE astronomical imaging project has a striking picture of a spot on Mars' surface that looks like total blackness to their Earth-based camera—it sees no light beyond the background noise level." Image 07-07 Olympus Mons on Mars (ASK and Astronomer for Kids) "The highest mountain and volcano in the solar system is on the planet Mars. It is called Olympus Mons and is 16 miles (24 kilometers) high which makes it about three times higher than Mt. Everest. In addition to being very tall, it is also very wide (340 miles or 550 kilometers) and covers an area larger than the entire chain of Hawaiian islands. Olympus Mons is a very flat mountain which slopes by only 2 to 5 degrees. It is a shield volcano built up by eruptions of lava." 01-06 Photos: Was Mars Once All Wet? (MSNBC News) "A lot more Martian rocks were altered by water than scientists originally thought, suggesting that early Mars was a very wet place." 07-08 Questions About the Mars (ASK and Astronomer for Kids) Provides questions and answers for kids and adults. 01-06 Spirals in Mars Snow Caps Unraveled (CNN News) "Odd spiraling gorges etched deep into the polar ice caps of Mars have stumped scientists for decades. The huge arcing troughs radiate outward like arms of a pinwheel, creating an overall shape that visually and mathematically resembles hurricanes, spiral galaxies and even some seashells." "Now there is an apparent solution to the mystery, put forth by Jon Pelletier of the University of Arizona in Tucson." "The tilted planet causes ice on one side of a crack to heat and vaporize, deepening and widening the crack. Then the water vapor hits the shady, colder side of the growing canyon and refreezes." 3-04 Spirit and Opportunity Rovers - Fact Sheet (NASA) Provides a simple guide to the missions. 1-04 Water Discovered on Mars (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Describes efforts to find water on Mars on the Odyssey project. 'The signal we're getting is loud and clear. There's lots of ice on Mars," Boynton said. "We're not just looking at surface frost. It's a fair amount of ice." Finding water on Mars means that Humans may be able to live there. Water Found on Mars (MSNBC News) "The Phoenix spacecraft has tasted Martian water for the first time, scientists reported Thursday." 07-08 Water May Flow on Mars (BBC News - Whitehouse) Shows pictures that suggest that water may have flowed on the surface of Mars recently. 6-01 Water Once Flowed on Mars (NASA.gov) "Scientists examining what NASA's Opportunity is showing them about Mars rocks are seeing into the past, and what they're seeing indicates water once flowed there." "The outcrop right next to where Opportunity landed holds evidence that the rocks have spent time drenched in liquid water." 3-04 Water on Mars - How It Is Detected (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Shows how water is detected on Mars, using a gamma ray spectrometer. Also provides the latest news on the Odyssey mission. 3-02 Water on Mars - Odyssey Mission (CNN - Space) Provides a drawing of the spacecraft that will determine if Mars has water and possibly whether life ever existed there. 4-01 Water on Mars - Odyssey Mission (HowStuffWorks.com) Explains the Odyssey mission. 4-01 Water on Mars Debate (CNN - Space) Describes the debate on whether there is water on Mars. An alternative theory is that the markings on Mars that look like they are caused by water are actually caused by liquid carbon dioxide. 4-01 Why Explore Mars (NASA) "After Earth, Mars is the planet with the most hospitable climate in the solar system. So hospitable that it may once have harbored primitive, bacteria-like life. Outflow channels and other geologic features provide ample evidence that billions of years ago liquid water flowed on the surface of Mars. Although liquid water may still exist deep below the surface of Mars, currently the temperature is too low and the atmosphere too thin for liquid water to exist at the surface." 12-03 Projects 3D Images of Rover on Mars (CNN News) Provides 3D images that require 3D glasses. Also provides a link to instructions to make your own 3D glasses. 3D "glasses" can also be made by coloring a piece of clear, rigid plastic (packaging) with a red-colored marker on your left side and a blue-colored marker on your right side. 1-04 Mars Trip - Lessons and Projects (Urquhart) Provides activities about traveling to Mars and then colonizing Mars. "What follows is a course outline describing each module of the project. The modules include assignments for the students as well as experiments that can be completed in class, and in some cases, teacher's guides." 3-02 Move Rover on Mars (CNN News) Provides a simulation for moving an animated rover. 1-04 Water - Reaching Water Below the Surface on Mars (Urquhart) "In this activity, students will record and graph temperature data to learn about the search for water on Mars. Students will use a model of an ice-rich and ice-free near-surface on Mars to examine how the ice content of the martian soil will affect the rate at which a warm probe will cool." 3-02

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