Terms: mammals
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- Mammals (Oakland Zoo)
Provides facts, movies, and sounds on dozens of mammals.
- Mammals (Enchanted Learning)
Provides descriptions, drawings, and a search engine that checks spelling. 8-99
- Mammals - Evolution (EnchantedLearning)
Provides a description of the evolution of mammals and includes links to key changes. 3-00
- Mammals
- Marine Mammals (DolphinDiscovery.com)
"There is a group of animals that we have always liked, specially because they are so much like man: marine mammals. Remember that event though some look like fish, they are not. They just have a similar shape because they live in the same environment." 12-06
- Mammals (ExploringNature.org)
Provides mammals by name. 01-08
- Mammals (Seaworld.org)
Provides facts and pictures of mammals.
- Ocean Creatures (Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County)
Provides pictures and articles. 10-09
- African Wildlife Foundation
Provides descriptions and pictures of African animals. 1-01
- Animals of British Columbia
- Fish and Ocean Creatures
- Cloning in Biotechnology
- Eukaryota (UCMP)
This kingdom includes the organisms we are most familiar with, including plants and animals. For instance, humans are mammalia (mammals) of the vertebrata (vertebrates), which are, in turn, metazoa (animals) of the eukaryota kingdom. What are the other kingdoms?
- Bison or Buffaloes (Oakland Zoo)
Provides facts and a picture. "They especially thrived on the Great Plains where some 30 million formed the biggest mass of large mammals ever to tread the globe."
- Mammal Groups (UCMP)
Includes animals of the eutherian group, but leaving out the mammals that are marsupials and monotremes. 3-00
- Dinosaur Heart Found (Time.com)
Provides evidence that dinosaurs were warm blooded, like birds and mammals.
- Animals A B C
- Animals D E F
- Animals G H I
- Animals M N O
- Animals P Q R
- Animals S T U
- Animals V W X Y Z
- Genes Control Aging (EurekAlert.org)
"Two University of Colorado at Boulder researchers working with GenoPlex Inc. in Denver have identified a biological switch that controls lifespan in tiny worms, a finding that could have applications for mammals, including people." Discusses DAF-2 and DAF-16. College Level. 9-02
- Migration and Seasonal Change Research Projects (Annenberg Foundation - Journey North)
Journey North engages students in a global study of wildlife migration and seasonal change. K-12 students share their own field observations with classmates across North America. They track the coming of spring through the migration patterns of monarch butterflies, bald eagles, robins, hummingbirds, whooping cranes -- and other birds and mammals, the budding of plants, changing sunlight and other natural events. Find standards-based lesson plans, activities and information to help students make local observations and fit them into a global context. Widely considered a best-practices model for education, Journey North is the nation's premiere "citizen science" project for children. The general public is also welcome to participate. 8-04
- Inuit (IH School)
"The Inuit people hunt for their food. They eat primarily fish, sea mammals and a few land mammals." 11-04
- Orangutans (Bagheera.com)
Provides an article to describe orangutans and their habits.
"The only great ape that lives on the Asian continent, the orangutan is found on the Malaysian islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Its name means "man of the forest," and it is one of thousands of species of wildlife that live in tropical Asian forests. The orangutan's story is similar to that of a large number of Asian animals: its forest habitat is being rapidly destroyed by conversion to agriculture, both by large commercial plantations and smaller subsistence farms. At the same time, humans are killing the orang's prey species (birds and small mammals) for food and capturing it for the pet trade." 12-04
- Culture in Animals (NationalGeographic.com)
"When researchers first saw something strange on the snout of a dolphin in Shark Bay, Western Australia, they thought it was a massive tumor. Now they say it provides the first evidence of a tool-use culture in marine mammals.” 6-05
- Intelligent Design as Science (NewYorker.com)
"Unlike earlier generations of creationists—the so-called Young Earthers and scientific creationists—proponents of intelligent design do not believe that the universe was created in six days, that Earth is ten thousand years old, or that the fossil record was deposited during Noah’s flood. (Indeed, they shun the label 'creationism' altogether.)"
"Though people often picture science as a collection of clever theories, scientists are generally staunch pragmatists: to scientists, a good theory is one that inspires new experiments and provides unexpected insights into familiar phenomena. By this standard, Darwinism is one of the best theories in the history of science: it has produced countless important experiments (let’s re-create a natural species in the lab—yes, that’s been done) and sudden insight into once puzzling patterns (that’s why there are no native land mammals on oceanic islands). In the nearly ten years since the publication of Behe’s book, by contrast, I.D. has inspired no nontrivial experiments and has provided no surprising insights into biology. As the years pass, intelligent design looks less and less like the science it claimed to be and more and more like an extended exercise in polemics."
"Biologists aren’t alarmed by intelligent design’s arrival in Dover and elsewhere because they have all sworn allegiance to atheistic materialism, they’re alarmed because intelligent design is junk science." 8-05
- Whales, Humpback (PBS.org)
"Graceful and magnificent, humpback whales inspire awe in young and old alike. These marine mammals travel great distances to take advantage of the best breeding grounds and feeding spots. North Pacific humpbacks, for example, mate and give birth in Hawaii and then travel to Alaska each summer to feed." 06-06
- Ants Rule (LiveScience.com)
"Scientists estimate that about 20,000 ant species crawl the Earth. Taxonomists have classified more than 11,000 species, which account for at least one-third of all insect biomass. The combined heft of ants in the Brazilian Amazon is about four times greater than the combined mass of all of the mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, according to one survey." 01-07
- Panettiere, Hayden - Champion for Dolphins (E! News)
"Hayden Panettiere attempted to play real-life hero, teaming with the Save Japan Dolphins coalition in trying to disrupt the annual slaughter of dolphins by Japanese fisherman, who kill an estimated 23,000 of the sea creatures each year."
"Despite international outcry, dolphin hunting is still considered culturally acceptable in parts of Japan, where many locals believe the mammals should be treated like fish." 12-07
- Study: Wind Farms May Put Bats at Risk (BBC News)
"Bats are at risk from wind turbines, researchers have found, because the rotating blades produce a change in air pressure that can kill the mammals."
"Some research groups are investigating ways to keep bats away from wind farms, and a University of Aberdeen group recently suggested radar emissions might act as a 'bat-scarer'. 08-08
- Supreme Court Rules Against Whales (SupremeCourtUS.gov)
"The SOCAL waters contain at least 37 species of marine mammals.The plaintiffs—groups and individuals devoted to the protection of marine mammals and ocean habitats—assert that MFA sonar causes serious injuries to these animals. The Navy disputes that claim, not-ing that MFA sonar training in SOCAL waters has been conducted for 40 years without a single documented sonar-related injury to any marine mammal." 03-11
- World's Oceans Face Plastic Pollution Problem (PBS News)
"Some scientists and environmentalists believe that more than 5 million square miles of the Pacific Ocean has become a soup of plastic confetti -- the remnants of plastic trash that travels on ocean currents from the world's shorelines. Now, researchers are trying to quantify the extent of the problem, and learn more about how plastic pollution affects fish, marine mammals and birds." 11-06
- Important Transitional Fossil Found (Time.com)
"The fossil is so perfectly preserved because Ida probably died quickly and nonviolently; her resting place was an abandoned quarry called the Messel Pit, near Frankfurt."
"The second reason the discovery is so important is its age. Ida — her scientific name is Darwinius masillae — dates to about 47 million years ago, when temperatures were warmer than they are today and when mammals underwent a burst of evolutionary diversification. In particular, that's when primates began splitting off into two branches. One became anthropoids, whose descendants are monkeys, apes and humans. The other turned into prosimians — lemurs and their kin."
"Ida is intriguing because she has some characteristics of both branches, which suggests that she could be a transitional animal that gave rise to the anthropoids and, ultimately, to us." 05-09
- Ten Animals Most At Risk from Oil Spill (CBS News)
"Oil is spreading across the Gulf of Mexico -- the result of the sinking of an oil rig last week. A spill of this magnitude so close to the wetlands, estuaries and national fisheries of south Louisiana is unprecedented."
"Though it's unclear how badly wildlife along the Gulf Coast will suffer, the timing of the spill couldn't be worse. This is peak spawning and nesting season for many species of fish, birds, turtles and marine mammals. Many species remain in set breeding areas during this time and there's less instinct to move away from danger." 04-10
- Oil Spill: How Much Is a Pelican Worth? (CNN News)
"Just how much is a dead pelican worth? BP is about to find out."
"As the owner of the still-leaking oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, the oil giant will pay billions of dollars in damages, much of which will compensate for the birds, fish, mammals and plants that are killed by the accident." 05-10
- Editorial: Morals Without God? (New York Times)
"No one doubts the superiority of our intellect [compared to other animals], but we have no basic wants or needs that are not also present in our close relatives. I interact on a daily basis with monkeys and apes, which just like us strive for power, enjoy sex, want security and affection, kill over territory, and value trust and cooperation. Yes, we use cell phones and fly airplanes, but our psychological make-up remains that of a social primate. Even the posturing and deal-making among the alpha males in Washington is nothing out of the ordinary."
"It is not only humans who are capable of genuine altruism; other animals are, too. I see it every day."
"A typical example is how chimpanzees console distressed parties, hugging and kissing them, which behavior is so predictable that scientists have analyzed thousands of cases. Mammals are sensitive to each other’s emotions, and react to others in need. The whole reason people fill their homes with furry carnivores and not with, say, iguanas and turtles, is because mammals offer something no reptile ever will. They give affection, they want affection, and respond to our emotions the way we do to theirs."
"On the other hand, what would happen if we were able to excise religion from society? I doubt that science and the naturalistic worldview could fill the void and become an inspiration for the good. Any framework we develop to advocate a certain moral outlook is bound to produce its own list of principles, its own prophets, and attract its own devoted followers, so that it will soon look like any old religion." 10-10
- -Complicated Animal Societies Challenge our Views (BBC News)
"Blinded by the limits of our own imagination, historically we have found it difficult to envisage another entity [ocean mammals] with capabilities that rival our own."
"Acknowledging that at least some animals are 'beyond use' brings forward implications spanning philosophy, law, science and policy." 12-10
- Protecting the Oceans: The Problem (Oceana.org)
"The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization says that at least 75 percent of seafood species are overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion and need more effective and precautionary management."
"Destructive fishing practices that include driftnets, longlines and bottom trawls are ruining ocean ecosystems by indiscriminately killing fish and other wildlife, including seabirds and marine mammals. Each year, more than 16 billion pounds of bycatch are thrown overboard thanks to wasteful fishing techniques."
"Bottom trawls drag heavily weighted nets along the ocean floor in search of fish or crustaceans in a practice akin to clearcutting a forest in order to catch a rabbit. Centuries-old habitats such as coral gardens are destroyed in an instant by bottom trawls, pulverized into barren plains. Endangered sea turtles drown on longline hooks while sharks have their fins sliced from their bodies, which are then tossed overboard."
Editor's Note: Also try Threatened Oceans. 12-11
- Whales, Blue (NationalGeographic.com)
"Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet (30 meters) long and upwards of 200 tons (181 metric tons). Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile." 03-12
- Whales Evolution (Enchanted Learning)
"Primitive whales evolved during the early Eocene period, at least 53 - 54 million years ago. Fossil remains indicate that whales evolved from hoofed land mammals - perhaps the shore-dwelling, hyena-like Mesonychid that started a returned, bit by bit, to the sea roughly 50 million years ago." 04-12
- Asteroid Wasn't the Only Cause of the Death of Dinosaurs (Time.com)
"There's never a good time to get clobbered by an asteroid — something the dinosaurs discovered in the worst way possible. It was 65.5 million years ago that an asteroid measuring 6 mi. (10 km) across, slammed into the Earth just off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, blasting out a 110 mi. (180 km) crater and sending out a cloud of globe-girdling debris that cooled and darkened the world. That spelled doom for species that had come to like things bright and warm. Before long (in geological terms, at least) the dinos were gone and the mammals arose."
"That's how the story has long been told and it's still the most-widely accepted theory. Now, however, a study led by scientists at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and published in Nature Communications suggests that the asteroid may not have affected all dinosaur species equally." 05-12
- Mammalian Ancestors of Humans Found (Time.com)
"Mammals have been around for hundreds of millions of years, but placentals for only tens of millions. Now a new paper just published in Science purports to pinpoint their, or rather, our, origins with impressive specificity. The great-great grandfather of us all, argue the authors, was a small, scurrying, insect-nibbling creature that arose a mere 200,000 to 400,000 years after the cataclysmic extinction event 65 million years ago that wiped out the dinosaurs (or, more precisely, the non-avian dinosaurs, since birds are now considered the one branch of the dinosaur family that survived)."
"This may seem like just a number to you and me but for paleontologists and evolutionary biologists, it’s something of a bombshell." 02-13
- Flu Research Breakthrough (CBS News)
"Different influenza strains spread around the world annually. Every so often a strain tough enough to kill millions emerges, and experts believe the world is overdue for another pandemic. Unraveling what made the 1918 flu so vicious could help doctors better react if a similar strain returns."
"All flu viruses are thought to have originated in birds. But scientists also have long thought that to cause human epidemics, the viruses first had to jump from birds to pigs, where genetic changes that allow the strains to better spread in mammals occur."
"Flu strains that are more birdlike are more dangerous to people because their immune systems haven't been exposed to them before."
"Asia's current bird flu, a strain known as H5N1, clearly can jump directly from poultry to people - at least 16 people have died of it this winter. Most cases have been traced directly to contact with sick birds, although human-to-human transmission has not been ruled out in one instance." 2-04
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[Dr. Jerry Adams at jadams@awesomelibrary.org.]
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