Terms: viola
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- Viola (American Viola Societies)
- Afghanistan - Human Rights Violations by the Taliban (Amnesty International)
Provides an assessment of violations of human rights in Afghanistan. 11-99
- 05-14-03 Saudis Top Religious Violators (Washington Times - Duin)
"Saudi Arabia was cited as the top violator yesterday in an annual report issued by the U.S. Commission on Religious Freedom on the status of religious liberties worldwide."
"The commission also took the country to task for 'offensive and discriminatory language' disparaging Jews, Christians and non-Wahhabi Muslims found in government-sponsored school textbooks, in Friday sermons preached in prominent mosques, and in state-controlled Saudi newspapers." 5-03
- Amnesty International Asserts U.S. Violates International Law (CBS News)
"The effects of the U.S.-led war on terror have been far-reaching, Amnesty said in a statement." " 'Far from making the world a safer place, [the war] has made it more dangerous by curtailing human rights, undermining the rule of international law and shielding governments from scrutiny. It has deepened divisions among people of different faiths and origins, sowing the seeds for more conflict,' the statement said."
"In a separate press conference Wednesday, William Schulz, executive director of Amnesty International USA, said U.S.-led events of 2003 generated deleterious effects."
"The war on Iraq provided an excuse for other countries 'in the name of anti-terrorism or in the name of national security' to crack down on opponents of their regimes, he said."
"Schulz said the Iraqi war was a 'distraction of the world's attention from horrific human rights abuses elsewhere,' and gave ammunition to countries that circumvent the United Nations and 'use the excuse the United States itself does not respect international law.' " 5-03
- Violin History and Violin Making (ViolaBraccio - Badiarov)
Provides the results of research on violin making and violin preferences in the past. 10-03
- Suing International Corporations for Human Rights Violations (GlobalPolicy.org)
"The Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) of 1789 grants jurisdiction to US Ferderal Courts over 'any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.' " 1-04
- 07-14-05 NIH Scientists Violated Ethics Rules (Bloomberg.com)
"Almost four dozen scientists at the National Institutes of Health violated rules governing outside contracts with the pharmaceutical industry and nine may be investigated for criminal violations, U.S. lawmakers said." 7-05
- Karl Rove and Violation of National Security (FindLaw.com)
Provides key sections of the Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982. Karl Rove, Deputy Chief of Staff for President Bush, has confessed that he identified a CIA agent, Valerie Plame, to journalists. President Bush promised to fire anyone from his administration who leaked the information. 7-05
- -08-01-05 Palmeiro Violates Public Trust (MSNBC News)
"All his well-known civic and charitable good deeds, his reputation as a clean player, were shoved into the pot to counterbalance the charge, made by Jose Canseco, that Canseco had injected Palmeiro with steroids on many occasions when they were teammates. Canseco wrote the accusation in a book. Then he swore to it before Congress. And Palmeiro denied it utterly, sitting just a few feet from Canseco."
"Of all the players in baseball, the least likely man to be caught cheating with steroids this season would be Palmeiro, right? Even if he had used them every day of his career, he would stop now, because anyone in their right mind would cease and desist."
"Yet, in one of the most unexpected announcements ever made in baseball, Palmeiro has been caught, suspended and has actually admitted to using steroids this season. Palmeiro simply claims that he has no idea how they got in his body." 8-05
- Investigation of Homeland Security Violations (Awesome Library)
Provides updates on the investigation of Bush advisor Karl Rove after he revealed or confirmed the identity of covert CIA operative Valerie Plame.
- Possible Free Speech Violations by the Bush Administration (Christian Science Monitor)
"Concern is mounting that the US government is using antiterror laws - namely, the Patriot Act - to revive a now-discredited practice common during the cold war: the prevention of foreign intellectuals who are critical of administration policies from entering the country and sharing their views with Americans."
"The practice, called ideological exclusion, became illegal in 1990. But a recent lawsuit - brought by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and the PEN American Center under the Freedom of Information Act - is asking the Bush administration to explain its decisions to revoke or deny visas to several foreign scholars, and why they don't violate free-speech protections." 11-05
- Lorentz Symmetry Violations and Constraints (Physics.McGill.ca)
"The idea of Coleman and Glashow is the following. Suppose that Lorentz symmetry is not a true symmetry of nature. This opens up the possibility that the limiting speeds (the highest speed which can be attained) of different particles, are different from each other. Suppose in particular that the speed of light (of electromagnetic radiation) and the limiting speed of a proton were not the same, and that the speed of a proton were higher. Then it turns out that the proton would lose energy to electromagnetic radiation, until its speed was the same as the speed of light."
"The way this works is the following. Since the proton is electrically charged, it carries around an electromagnetic field. When the proton moves, the electromagnetic field of the proton must move with it. The emission of electromagnetic radiation (light) can be understood as that electromagnetic field continuing to propagate, when the proton's motion is changed by some external force; so every time a proton changes its speed or direction of motion, some of the electromagnetic field accompanying it continues in the old direction and becomes radiation. If a proton were moving faster than the speed of light, then it would 'outrun' its own electromagnetic field; without any acceleration being necessary, the electromagnetic field of the proton would get stripped away from the proton and propagate away as photons (electromagnetic radiation). Since the proton is charged, it would continuously regenerate electromagnetic field; but this field would continuously fall behind the proton and be lost as radiation, until the proton slowed down to the speed of light, whereupon the electromagnetic field could keep up with it. This is what happens when a medium, such as water, a crystal, or the air, modifies the speed that light travels; charged particles which travel faster radiate 'Cherenkov' light." 01-06
- -02-13-06 UN Report: USA Violated Human Rights at Gitmo (USA Today)
"A U.N. investigation has concluded that the United States committed acts amounting to torture at Guantanamo Bay, including force-feeding detainees and subjecting them to prolonged solitary confinement, according to a draft report obtained Monday."
The UN investigators were "appointed to their three-year terms by the 53-nation U.N. Human Rights Commission, the global body's top rights watchdog." 02-06
- -05-11-06 Lawmakers: Revised Army Manual Violates Ban on Torture (LATimes.com)
"The Pentagon has been forced to delay the release of its updated Army Field Manual on interrogation because of congressional opposition to several provisions, including one that would allow tougher techniques for unlawful combatants than for traditional prisoners of war." 05-06
- -06-17-06 Petition for Hand Re-Count Where Election Laws Were Violated (VelvetRevolution)
"It has come to my attention that the Busby-Bilbray special election in CA-50 on June 6th was conducted on Diebold voting machines, many if not all of which were left unsecured in the homes, cars and offices of poll workers in the weeks prior to the election. Diebold touchscreen and optical scan machines have been proven by California's own Secretary of State to be unreliable in the field and vulnerable to hacking in unsecure environments. Because improper procedures were used in this election, no one has proof that these machines were not subject to memory card switches or other easy tampering techniques such as manipulating the counters. Americans deserve to know their elections are counted accurately. No matter the results." 06-06
- Bush Administration Violates One of the Most Basic Common Law Rights, Habeas Corpus (MSNBC News)
"Human rights groups count dozens of detainee deaths for which no one has been punished or that were never explained. The secret prisons — unknown in number and location — remain available for future detainees. The new manual banning torture doesn’t cover CIA interrogators. And thousands of people still languish in a limbo, deprived of one of common law’s oldest rights, habeas corpus, the right to know why you are imprisoned." 09-06
- -08-24-09 Did CIA Interrogators Violate Federal Law on Torture? CBS News)
"A 1994 federal law prohibits U.S. nationals from performing torture upon penalty of up to 20 years in prison. 'Torture' is defined as the threat of imminent death, the threat of someone else being killed, and acts 'specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain or suffering.' " 08-09
- Chechnya - Human Rights Violations (Human Rights Watch)
Provides news stories regarding the treatment of people within Chechnya by Russia. Chechnya is fighting for independence from Russia. 6-02
- Global Peace News (Human Rights Watch)
Provides news on progress in supporting human rights globally. "Human Rights Watch works to end...summary executions, torture, arbitrary detention, restrictions on the freedom of expression, association, assembly and religion, violations of due process, and discrimination on racial, gender, ethnic and religious grounds. The standards we use are universal civil and political rights as embodied in international laws and treaties. 7-99
- Quantum Mechanics News (Nature - Ball)
Provides the results of a recent study to view decoherence, the process by which two or more results of an event are narrowed to one at the atomic level. The whole issue violates common sense. In quantum mechanics, a cat could simultaneously be killed by an event and not killed by the event--both realities can occur simultaneously and then one of the results "melts" into non-existance. 1-00
- Human Rights News (Amnesty International)
Investigates violations of human rights globally.
- Election 2000 - Decision by the Florida Supreme Court (Florida Supreme Court)
The Florida Supreme Court ordered that hand recounted ballots submitted by November 26th shall be included in the results of the presidential election. Further, the Supreme Court ruled the following -
1) County Canvassing Boards have the authority to determine if hand recounting of ballots is needed, not the Secretary of State.
2) County Boards were required by law to follow the sequence of a) conducting a machine recount, b) testing a sample of one percent of votes, and then 3) deciding whether to conduct a full county hand recount.
3) No deadline was established by the legislature for submitting the results of hand recounted votes. The Secretary of State's deadline violated the right of County Boards to complete hand recounts.
4) The Secretary of State's reasons for rejecting the hand recounts did not comply with Florida law.
5) According to legal precedent and the Florida Constitution, votes must be counted if the voter's intent can be determined. A voter's right to have his or her vote counted is the most important consideration.
"The Secretary may reject a Board's amended returns only if the returns are submitted so late that their inclusion will preclude a candidate from contesting the certification or preclude Florida's voters from participating fully in the federal electoral process." 11-00
- Election 2000 - Argument for Gore in the U.S. Supreme Court (McNeil-Lehrer Productions - PBS NewsHour)
Provides Laurence Tribe's arguments to the U.S. Supreme Court. He argued that the Florida Supreme Court acted properly and did not violate the U.S. Constitution by extending the deadline for vote results to permit hand recounts in the presidential election. 11-00
- Election 2000 - Argument for Bush in the U.S. Supreme Court (McNeil-Lehrer Productions - PBS NewsHour)
Provides arguments by Theodore Olson that the Florida Supreme Court violated the U.S. Constitution by extending the deadline for vote results to permit hand recounts in the presidential election. 11-00
- U.S. Constitution, Article II (FindLaw)
Provides one of the portions of the U.S. Constitution that Bush contends was violated by the Florida Supreme Court when the Florida Court gave additional time for hand recounts in the presidential election. 12-00
- U.S. Code, Title 3, Section 5 (FindLaw)
Provides one of the portions of the U.S. Code that Bush contends was violated by the Florida Supreme Court when the Florida Court gave additional time for hand recounts in the presidential election. 12-00
- Courtesies in Using Animation of Others (Awesome Library)
If you utilize any animations on your web site, please provide a link or credit to the creator (when known) somewhere on your web site. Also, host the animation on your server rather than creating unwanted traffic to the author's server. In addition, just because an animation is available online, does not make it free for you. Unless the author specifically states that the graphic is free, it is a violation of copyright law to put the actual graphic file on your Web page (on your Web server) without permission. However, providing a link (the Web address) to someone's graphic is not considered a violation of copyright law.
- Russia and Human Rights (Amnesty Interrnational - USA)
Provides a summary of findings on violations of human rights by Russia. 7-01
- Muslims Cannot Be Terrorists (Muslims Against Terrorism)
Requests media not to use phrases, such as "Islamic Fundamentalists" or "Muslim Terrorists" regarding terrorist attacks "Because such things do not exist. Islam is the religion of peace, love and mutual respect. Islam is the religion of moderation. Islam is the religion of human value and dignity." M.A.T. asks that religious affiliation not be mentioned in terrorist attacks. Editor's Note - When the Ku Klux Klan claimed credit for terrorist attacks in the 1960's, they were not identified by religion as "Christian Fundamentalists" or "Christian Rebels." Although the KKK identified themselves as a Christian movement, media never labeled them as "Christians" because their terrorism was regarded as a basic violation of Christian principles. We owe the same respect to the Muslim religion. Terrorists should be identified by their political name, such as al Qaeda terrorists. (Muslims is pronounced "Mooslims." Pronounce al Qaeda as "Al Ka-e-dah." Visitors sometimes spell Kida, Queda, Quaeda, Quaida, Qaida, Qaeda, Kaeda, or Kaida. 9-01
- Jihad and Violence (Islamic Server of MSA-USC)
Jihad "is an Arabic word the root of which is Jahada, which means to strive for a better way of life." "Jihad should not be confused with Holy War. The latter does not exist in Islam nor will Islam allow its followers to be involved in a Holy War." "Jihad is not a war to force the faith on others, as many people think of it. It should never be interpreted as a way of compulsion of the belief on others, since there is an explicit verse in the Qur'an that says: 'There is no compulsion in religion' Al-Qur'an: Al-Baqarah (2:256)." "Not only in peace but also in war Islam prohibits terrorism, kidnapping, and hijacking, when carried against civilians. Whoever commits such violations is considered a murderer in Islam, and is to be punished by the Islamic state." 10-01
- Civil Liberties Advocacy (ACLU)
Describes issues that the ACLU considers violations of civil liberties, especially in the pursuit of security after the terrorist attacks. 11-01
- Both State and Federal Supreme Courts Were Wrong (Wall Street Journal - Rosen)
Expresses the opinion, based on legal grounds, that both the Florida Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court violated their appropriate roles in their rulings on the Presidential election of 2000. "By promulgating its own rules after the fact, Judge Posner argues, the Florida court was not perfecting the democratic system, as many have claimed, but undermining one of its fundamental pillars: that succession take place according to procedures that are 'fixed in advance, objective, administrable, and clear.'" "No less disturbing as a matter of judicial philosophy--and seeming partisan favoritism--was the [U.S.] Supreme Court's obvious unwillingness to let the election dispute work itself out in Florida or, if need be, in Congress." 11-01
- Editorial - Taliban Not Valid Interpreters of Islam (Muslim Women's League - Al-Marayati)
Provides a Muslim scholar's views on Taliban interpretations of Islam. "Indeed, the extreme position taken by the Taliban hardly deserves to be considered an 'interpretation' of Islam. That implies the position has some degree of validity, when it is really an aberration in violation of the most basic tenets of the faith." 11-01
- Essay - Middle East Conflict (The Nation - Falk)
"I was a member of a human rights inquiry appointed by the UN Human Rights Commission a year ago." "The basic conclusion of these efforts at impartial understanding was that Israel was mainly responsible for the escalations [of violence], and that its tactics of response involved massive violations of international humanitarian law."
He also argues that past peace offers to Palestinians reflected the realities of power and control of the Israelis over the Palestinians and not international law. The past offers, he argues, would never have provided an independent Palestinian state, but rather a Palestinian state that was under the control of Israel. 5-02
- USA Reassesses Weapons for Israel (Bloomberg.com - Ziegler)
"The State Department is evaluating whether Israel's attack, which killed at least nine children along with its target, a Hamas mastermind of violence against Israelis, violated laws that ban the sale of weapons for anything other than self-defense or internal security." 7-02
- Evolution, Creationism, and the Scientific Method (Theatres of Learning - Dalby and Stewart)
Provides a description of the scientific method and shows how the theory of evolution follows it. Shows that the "new earth" version of creationism violates the scientific method to reach its conclusions. Argues that, because the new earth version of scientific creationism violates the scientific method, it is not a scientific approach to discovering truth. Points out that belief in a creator is not in conflict with science, but some arguments of new earth creationism are in conflict with science.
Editor's Note - The authors claim (in the introduction) to be taking an impartial approach. This is true if the question is "Which approach, evolution or new earth creationism, conforms better with science?" The essay argues that the scientific method, not religious beliefs, should be the basis for comparing the theory of evolution with new earth creationism. However, new earth creationists argue that a literal translation of the Bible, not adherence to the scientific method, should be the basis for comparison. 9-05
- U.N. Approves US Resolution on Iraq (Bloomberg.com)
"The United Nations Security Council voted 15-0 to adopt a U.S. resolution demanding that Iraq agree to unrestricted arms inspections, ending a two- month debate over how to rid Saddam Hussein's regime of weapons of mass destruction." "It gives the council a chance to assess the seriousness of any Iraqi violation and to consider how to respond, a concession to France and Russia that means the U.S. wouldn't make that decision alone."
"Hussein is unlikely to allow unfettered inspections, increasing the chances for war, British officials said. Forcing Iraq to give inspectors complete access to palaces and government workers would weaken Hussein's grip on power, making it unlikely he will comply, said the officials, who asked not to be identified."
"Under the resolution, Iraq would be required to give the Security Council a full report of its biological, chemical and nuclear weapons programs 30 days from today. Full inspections, including access to presidential sites suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction, would begin no more than 15 days later and Blix would file a progress report 60 days after that."
"Any Iraqi interference is to be reported to the Security Council, which would 'convene immediately.' ''
- Essay - North Korea's Nuclear Capacity (Time - Karon)
"Two weeks ago, North Korea vindicated Bush in spades, when the country's second most-powerful official told U.S. diplomat James Kelly that Pyongyang has, indeed, been running a secret nuclear weapons program, in violation of a 1994 agreement with the U.S." 12-02
- 1-10-03 North Korea Withdraws from Nuclear Arms Treaty (CBC News)
"North Korea withdrew from the global nuclear weapons treaty Friday, a treaty it's already violating, but said its nuclear program is peaceful." 1-03
- Turkey Endorses Foreign Troops in Turkey (Guardian Unlimited)
"Turkey's top military and civilian leaders endorsed basing foreign troops in the country, a move that could open the way for American soldiers to use Turkey as a base for military action against Iraq."
However, a bishop from President Bush's church came out against waging war with Iraq. "A bishop of the United Methodist Church, Bush's denomination, appears in a new anti-war ad in which he declares that making war against Iraq 'violates God's law and the teachings of Jesus Christ.' 'Iraq hasn't wronged us. War will only create more terrorists and a more dangerous world for our children,' Bishop Melvin G. Talbert, chief ecumenical officer of the United Methodist Church, says in the 30-second television ad." 1-03
- Secret Arrests - Hady Omar (CBS News - 60 Minutes)
"The government was able to hold Omar and hundreds of other Muslim detainees by charging them not as criminals but as visa violators. The law says criminals, even murderers, must be charged with a crime quickly – usually within 48 hours – or released."
Immigration laws used to work the same way, but after 9/11, the justice department rewrote the rules so that suspected visa violators could be held in jail as long as the government wants – without any charges filed against them."
"The government may believe that extraordinary circumstances equals extraordinary treatment. But Rubin believes this certainly doesn’t justify denying Omar access to legal counsel and his wife and child, who are both U.S. citizens." “ 'Any concern that the United States may have had about Omar being a security risk, a terrorist threat, could have been easily resolved in a number of hours, if not days, of humanized treatment -- not the kind of dehumanizing conditions that he was subject to,' says Rubin." "With the help of Rubin, and a legal team from the firm of Morrison and Foerster, Omar has filed a lawsuit against the government, claiming that his civil rights were violated and that his treatment could be characterized as torture." 4-03
- 08-28-03 Bush Administration Relaxes Pollution Rules for Power Plants (Christian Science Monitor - Knickerbocker)
"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issues a ruling this week allowing thousands of power plants, refineries, and industrial facilities to upgrade without reducing the pollution they emit."
"The debate figures in larger questions about the Bush administration's environmental and energy policies - specifically, the extent to which industries influence such policies."But the GAO was unable to determine the extent of such influence because Mr. Cheney refuses to provide key documents detailing his meetings with energy companies and industry groups - including those that may be directly involved with the polluting aspects of energy production." "Meanwhile, the US Public Interest Research Group reports this week that 2002 was the worst smog season in recent years. (Smog is ground-level ozone caused by pollution from power plants, vehicles, and other sources, and is linked to asthma and other ailments.) Monitors in 41 states and Washington recorded 8,818 instances of unhealthy smog levels last year - nearly twice the violations of the national health standard in 2001." 8-03
- 11-05-03 EPA to Allow Polluters to Pollute (USA Today)
"The Environmental Protection Agency is likely to stop taking action against coal-burning power plants that the agency itself had accused of violating air-pollution laws, an EPA source familiar with the decision said Wednesday."
"Now, it plans to use the relaxed standards — not those in place when the companies violated the laws — to determine whether the companies should be sued." 11-03
- 12-12-03 Probe Finds Halliburton Overcharged (MSNBC.com)
"A Pentagon investigation has found overcharging and other violations in a $15.6 billion Iraq reconstruction contract awarded to Vice President Dick Cheney’s former company, a defense official said Thursday." 12-03
- Kerry Plans to Reduce Loss of Jobs (Yahoo.com - Wilson)
"Democratic White House hopeful John Kerry Wednesday blamed President Bush's policies for funneling American jobs overseas and proposed to discourage the practice by requiring U.S. companies to give advance notice of plans to send work abroad."
"Kerry voted for NAFTA in 1993 but has since said he would order a 120-day review of all trade pacts. He laid out specific guidelines for companies wanting to send jobs overseas, including at least three months' advance notice for affected employees as well as notification of the Labor Department (news - web sites), state agencies and local government officials."
"In addition, he would require the federal government to compile statistics on off-shored jobs and report to Congress annually and disclosure of how many jobs were going where and why. Also, he would ensure that federal contracts were not being outsourced overseas."
"A decorated Vietnam war veteran who has campaigned on his combat record, Kerry said it was time 'to put patriotism back in the driver's seat.' "
"Kerry blasted Bush's economic policies and called the president 'a walking contradiction' who promised his massive tax cuts would create four million jobs and had, instead, lost three million."
"Kerry also has proposed rolling back Bush's tax cuts for Americans who make more than $200,000 a year, raising the minimum wage, cutting the cost of health care, closing tax loopholes that encourage companies to move jobs overseas and cracking down on trade violations." 2-04
- Education - States Can Deny Scholarships for Ministry (Bloomberg.com)
"States that offer college scholarships can deny them to students majoring in theology without violating their constitutional rights, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled." 2-04
- 03-06-04 Republicans Try to Block Anti-Bush Ads (CNN News)
"The Republican National Committee is warning television stations across the country not to run ads from the MoveOn.org Voter Fund that criticize President Bush, charging that the left-leaning political group is paying for them with money raised in violation of the new campaign-finance law."
"But MoveOn.org's lawyer, Joseph Sandler, said in a statement that the ads were funded legally, calling the RNC's letter "a complete misrepresentation of the law."
" 'It's not surprising that [RNC Chairman] Ed Gillespie continues to make false claims about the legality of our campaign in order to silence us,' Wes Boyd, president of the voter fund, said in a statement. 'Our lawyers continue to assure us that our advertising, and the small contributions from tens of thousands of our members that pay for it, conform in every way to existing campaign-finance laws.' " 3-04
- 05-21-04 Prisoners Beaten to Death in Iraq (FoxNews.com)
Released Iraqi prisoners, who were rounded up for questioning, reported torture--to the point of death--in U.S. prisons in Iraq.
" 'Three brothers and sisters were detained together and brought to the prison, the two sisters are still in the quarantine and one of the three brothers was killed while the troops were torturing him,' he [former prisoner Ghazwan] said. 'They took him to the quarantine and brought him dying to his brother's (Ali Alizzi) cell and threatened him that if he will not talk or confess, he would face the same fate.' "
"The prisoner died in his brother's arms, he said."
Editor's Note: Torture is a violation of international law. 5-04
- Terrorist Attacks Update - International (TKB.org)
"The MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base represents years of collaborative effort by many partners. Though we believe this to be the most extensive and user-friendly system of its kind, any resource spanning over 35 years of data will contain oversights and omissions."
The MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base uses these definitions:
"Terrorism: Terrorism is violence, or the threat of violence, calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm. These acts are designed to coerce others into actions they would not otherwise undertake, or refrain from actions they desired to take. All terrorist acts are crimes. Many would also be violation of the rules of war if a state of war existed. This violence or threat of violence is generally directed against civilian targets. The motives of all terrorists are political, and terrorist actions are generally carried out in a way that will achieve maximum publicity. Unlike other criminal acts, terrorists often claim credit for their acts. Finally, terrorist acts are intended to produce effects beyond the immediate physical damage of the cause, having long-term psychological repercussions on a particular target audience. The fear created by terrorists may be intended to cause people to exaggerate the strengths of the terrorist and the importance of the cause, to provoke governmental overreaction, to discourage dissent, or simply to intimidate and thereby enforce compliance with their demands."
"Terrorist Group: A collection of individuals belonging to an autonomous non-state or subnational revolutionary or anti-governmental movement who are dedicated to the use of violence to achieve their objectives. Such an entity is seen as having at least some structural and command and control apparatus that, no matter how loose or flexible, nonetheless provides an overall organizational framework and general strategic direction. This definition is meant to include contemporary religion-motivated and apocalyptic groups and other movements that seek theological justification or divine sanction for their acts of violence." 9-04
- -Torture Ineffective--And Presents Ethical Dilema (Guardian Unlimited)
"Prisoner interrogations at Guantánamo Bay, the controversial US military detention centre where guards have been accused of brutality and torture, have not prevented a single terrorist attack, according to a senior Pentagon intelligence officer who worked at the heart of the US war on terror."
"Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Christino, who retired last June after 20 years in military intelligence, says that President George W Bush and US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld have 'wildly exaggerated' their intelligence value."
Editor's Note: Use of torture is a violation of international law according to the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 39-46 of 10 December 1984. Article 2 states: "No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political in stability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture." 10-04
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[Dr. Jerry Adams at jadams@awesomelibrary.org.]
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