Terms: theory
Matches: 209 Displayed: 50
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Categories
- Science > Physics > Quantum Mechanics > String Theory
- Science > Physics > Particle Physics > Quantum Field Theory
- Science > Physics > Quantum Mechanics > M-Theory
Specific Results
- Paleontology by Geological Period, Phylogeny, or Theory (UCMP)
Provides alternative formats of exploring paleontology. 3-00
- Evolution - Theory and History (UCMP)
Includes a history of different theories of evolution, organized by author, period, and subject.
- Learning Theory and Domains of Learning (Kearsley)
Presents 50 theories of learning.
- Superstrings - String Theory (Schwartz)
Provides an introduction to superstrings, a unified theory of the universe, including a history of the development of the theory, key developers of the theory, and more.
- Superstrings - A History of String Theory (Schwartz)
Provides an introduction to superstrings, a unified theory of the universe, including a history of the development of the theory.
- Plate Tectonics - History of the Theory (Volcano World)
Provides a very short history. 1-00
- Plate Tectonics - The Theory (U.S. Geological Survey)
Provides graphics and explanations. Rather comprehensive. 1-00
- Plate Tectonics - History of the Theory (Berkeley)
Provides a detailed history. 1-00
- Plate Tectonics - History of the Theory, Alfred Wegener (Berkeley)
Provides a biography of the man who is credited greatly for the theory of plate tectonics, as well as a history of the development of the theory. 1-00
- Geometry, Number Theory, and More (Mrs. Glosser's Math Goodies)
Provides online interactive math problems in geometry, number theory, and more.
- Color Theory (Parker)
Discusses various uses of color in painting. 9-01
- Relativity - Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (Humboldt)
Provides a description of Einstein's general theory of relativity. Written in layman's language, but assumes a good understanding of physics. 6-02
- Relativity - Proofs of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (WhyFiles)
Describes the proofs concluded so far for Einstein's general theory of relativity. Written for students. 6-02
- Relativity - Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (Lycos)
Provides a description of Einstein's general theory of relativity. 6-02
- Number Theory (Math Forum)
Provides sources.
- Logic and Set Theory (Math Forum)
Provides sources.
- Evolution Theory (Talk Origins)
Provides key elements of evolution theory and arguments by creationists against the evidence provided. 9-02
- Superstrings - String Theory (FirstScience.com)
"Remarkably, all known physical phenomenon can, in principle, be described by these two great theories, relativity and the quantum theory."
"Although these two great theories represent the two pillars upon which ALL physical knowledge is based, the fundamental mystery is why these two theories are so different in almost every way."
"Superstring theory combines relativity and quantum in an elegant, intuitive way. First, it describes the myriad of quantum particles of nature because each particle represents a "note" on a vibrating string. Think of a violin string. No one says that A or B is more fundamental than C. What is fundamental is the string itself."
"Superstring theory says that, if we had a supermicroscope and could peer at an electron, we would see a string vibrating in a certain mode. The string is extremely small (10 to the minus 33 centimeters!) so that the electron looks like a point particle to us." 10-03
- Superstrings - String Theory (PBS.org - NOVA)
"In this excerpt from his book The Elegant Universe, Brian Greene explains why string theory might hold the key to unifying the four forces of nature." 10-03
- Witten, Edward and "M" Theory (BBC News)
"In the last few years, physicists have learned that the different string theories discovered and studied in different ways are limiting cases of a single, more powerful theory, known as M theory. "M" stands for magic, mystery, or matrix, according to taste. Some of these developments will be explained in this lecture."
"Edward Witten, professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., is arguably the premier theoretical physicist of our time. Renowned for his many contributions to particle physics and string theory, Witten has almost single-handedly constructed a new branch of mathematical physics." 11-03
- Algebra and Number Theory (Merlot.org)
Provides 50 sites that were highly rated by peers. 8-04
- Superstring Theory (Wikipedia.org)
"Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings."
"At present, the deepest problem in theoretical physics is harmonizing the theory of general relativity, which describes gravitation and applies to large-scale structures (stars, planets, galaxies), with quantum mechanics which describes the other three fundamental forces acting on the microscopic scale." 10-04
- Chaos Theory (Wikipedia.org)
"In mathematics and physics, chaos theory deals with the behaviour of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that (under certain conditions) exhibit the phenomenon known as chaos, most famously characterised by sensitivity to initial conditions...." 10-04
- -11-07-04 Theory of Evolution in Court (CBS News)
" 'School officials in suburban Cobb County go to court Monday to defend themselves against a lawsuit accusing the district of promoting religion by requiring that science textbooks warn students evolution is "a theory, not a fact.' " 10-04
- Superstrings - A History of String Theory (Schwartz)
Provides a history of how string theory has evolved. 2-05
- Statistical Theory (Wikipedia.org)
Provides descriptions and definitions of key terms. 8-05
- New Theory Rejects Single-Ancestor Doctrine (Scientific American)
"Instead of one universal evolutionary tree, picture a three-trunk stand sharing a communal root system. A new theory of cellular evolution published in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences rejects Charles Darwin’s Doctrine of Common Descent—the idea that all organisms are derived from a single primordial ancestor. Instead, Carl Woese of the University of Illinois-Champaign proposes that the three cell types that comprise life on earth arose from three forms of proto cells that swam together in a dense genetic soup, freely sharing their DNA."
"Indeed, such DNA swapping was the driving force in the evolution of unicellular organisms, Woese argues. Biologists have traditionally credited this so-called horizontal gene transfer with just a minor role in cellular evolution. But Woese asserts that only by sharing their genes—or evolutionary inventions, as he calls them—could simple cellular organizations have given rise to more complex cell designs. In the beginning, he says, primitive cells 'did not have stable genealogical records.' But eventually, these lines—including the three that spawned all extant life forms—reached what Woese terms the "Darwinian threshold," the point at which a lineage matures to genetic stability. Here the cellular organization became fixed, leading to a traceable cell line via reproduction. 'Crossing a Darwinian threshold leads to a more solidified, organized cellular design,' he explains." 12-05
- Quantum Field Theory (Wikipedia.org)
"Quantum field theory (QFT) is the application of quantum mechanics to fields. It provides a theoretical framework, widely used in particle physics and condensed matter physics, in which to formulate consistent quantum theories of many-particle systems, especially in situations where particles may be created and destroyed. Non-relativistic quantum field theories are needed in condensed matter physics— for example in the BCS theory of superconductivity. Relativistic quantum field theories are indispensable in particle physics (see the standard model), although they are known to arise as effective field theories in condensed matter physics." 01-06
- Combining Relativity and Quantum Theory (Physics.Weber.edu)
"The two major physics discoveries of the first part of this century, quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of special relativity present new challenges when treated together. The energy "uncertainty" introduced in quantum theory combines with the mass-energy equivalence of special relativity to allow the creation of particle/anti-particle pairs by quantum fluctuations when the theories are merged. As a result there is no self-consistent theory which generalizes the simple, one-particle Schrödinger equation into a relativistic quantum wave equation."
"The most successful approach to this problem, developed in the early 30's, begins not with a single relativistic particle, but with a relativistic classical field theory, such as Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. This classical field theory is then "quantized" in the usual way and the resulting quantum field theory realizes a consistent combination of quantum mechanics and relativity. However, this theory is inherently a many-body theory with the quanta of the normal modes of the classical field having all the properties of physical particles." 01-06
- Quantum Field Theory (Theory.Caltech.edu)
"The framework in which quantum mechanics and special relativity are successfully reconciled is called quantum field theory. It is based on three basic principles: two of them, of course, are quantum mechanics and special relativity. The third one, which I wish to emphasize, is the postulate that elementary particles are point-like objects of zero intrinsic size. In practice, they are smeared over a region of space due to quantum effects, but their descripton in the basic equations is as mathematical points." 01-06
- M-Theory (Cambridge University)
"Apart from the fact that instead of one there are five different, healthy theories of strings (three superstrings and two heterotic strings) there was another difficulty in studying these theories: we did not have tools to explore the theory over all possible values of the parameters in the theory. Each theory was like a large planet of which we only knew a small island somewhere on the planet. But over the last four years, techniques were developed to explore the theories more thoroughly, in other words, to travel around the seas in each of those planets and find new islands. And only then it was realized that those five string theories are actually islands on the same planet, not different ones! Thus there is an underlying theory of which all string theories are only different aspects. This was called M-theory. The M might stand for Mother of all theories or Mystery, because the planet we call M-theory is still largely unexplored." 01-06
- M-Theory. It attempts to unify all string theories.
- String Theory Basics (SuperStringTheory.com)
Includes the basics for understanding string theory. "Think of a guitar string that has been tuned by stretching the string under tension across the guitar. Depending on how the string is plucked and how much tension is in the string, different musical notes will be created by the string. These musical notes could be said to be excitation modes of that guitar string under tension."
"In a similar manner, in string theory, the elementary particles we observe in particle accelerators could be thought of as the 'musical notes' or excitation modes of elementary strings."
"But the number of string theories has also been shrinking in recent years, because string theorists are discovering that what they thought were completely different theories were in fact different ways of looking at the same theory!" 02-06
- Big Bang Theory (Wikipedia.org)
"In physical cosmology, the Big Bang is the scientific theory that the universe emerged from an enormously dense and hot state about 13.7 billion years ago. The Big Bang theory is based on the observed Hubble's law redshift of distant galaxies that when taken together with the cosmological principle indicate that space is expanding according to the Friedmann-Lemaître model of general relativity. Extrapolated into the past, these observations show that the universe has expanded from a state in which all the matter and energy in the universe was at an immense temperature and density." 04-06
- -02-27-07 New Twist on Black Hole Theory (RedOrbit.com)
"Professor Sam Braunstein, of the University of York’s Department of Computer Science, and Dr Arun Pati, of the Institute of Physics, Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, India, have established that quantum information cannot be ‘hidden’ in conventional ways, or in Braunstein’s words, 'quantum information can run but it can’t hide.' "
"This result gives a surprising new twist to one of the great mysteries about black holes."
"Dr Pati said: 'Our result shows that either quantum mechanics or Hawking’s analysis must break down, but it does not choose between these two possibilities.' " 02-07
- A Theory of Affluence (New York Times)
"For thousands of years, most people on earth lived in abject poverty, first as hunters and gatherers, then as peasants or laborers. But with the Industrial Revolution, some societies traded this ancient poverty for amazing affluence."
"Historians and economists have long struggled to understand how this transition occurred and why it took place only in some countries. A scholar who has spent the last 20 years scanning medieval English archives has now emerged with startling answers for both questions." 08-07
- Florida Includes "Scientific Theory of Evolution" (ABC News)
"Florida's State Board of Education has voted to use the term "scientific theory of evolution" in new science standards, the first time the word "evolution" has been included." 2-08
- -04-08-09 A New Theory on Autism (Time.com)
"The brain region that drew the attention of the authors is known as the locus coeruleus, a small knot of neurons located in the brain stem. Not a lot of high-order processing goes on so deep in the brain's basement, but the locus coeruleus does govern the release of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline, which is critical in triggering arousal or alarm, as in the famed fight-or-flight response. Arousal also plays a role in our ability to pay attention — you can't deal with the lion trying to eat you, after all, if you don't focus on it first. And attention, in turn, plays a critical role in such complex functions as responding to environmental cues and smoothly switching your concentration from one task to another. Those are abilities kids with autism lack."
"Certainly, many other parts of the brain govern concentration and attention, but the locus coeruleus does one other thing too: it regulates fever. Generations of parents of autistic kids have reported that when their child runs a fever, the symptoms of autism seem to abate. When the fever goes down, the symptoms return. In 2007, a paper in the journal Pediatrics reported on that phenomenon and confirmed that, yes, the parents' observations are right. What no one had done before, at least not formally, was tie it to the locus coeruleus — that is, until Drs. Dominick Purpura and Mark Mehler of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine published the idea this week."
"Nobody recommends inducing fevers to kick-start the locus coeruleus, since that could lead to all manner of side effects and other ills. Instead, Mehler and Purpura believe the likeliest answer is in medications that target noradrenaline brain receptors." 04-09
- Inflation Theory (stars5.netfirms.com)
"The inflation theory is an important complement to the Big Bang theory which further describes the quantum fluctuation like powered by a vacuum field, the strength of which extremely expanded the Universe at the very first moments of its birth." 06-09
- Symbolic Convergence Theory (University of Colorado - Young)
"The symbolic convergence theory is based on the idea that members in a group must exchange fantasies in order to form a cohesive group."
"Once the fantasy chain reaction begins, common ground is established between group members and a cohesion, no matter how slight, has formed."
"According to Griffin (1991), 'Through symbolic convergence, individuals build a sense of community or a group consciousness (p. 34). As symbolic convergence ties a group together with cohesive bonds, a sense of togetherness is formed. Individual members begin using the words 'we' instead of 'I,' and 'us' instead of 'me.' "
"Groupthink occurs in a very cohesive group when members strive so much for unanimity, that they are basically incapable of thinking for themselves. Groupthink is a surprisingly common process and can result in fatal incidents, such as The Challenger disaster." 11-04
- Fantasy Theme Theory (Ohio University - Rose)
"Bormann and many other communication scholars who subscribe to his theory use fantasy theme analysis to show a link between the fantasies people use when they talk to each other and the level of cohesion there is among them."
"Within a group context we are talking about references to the group's past or speculation about their future as well as comments about anything in the world outside of the group. What is excluded here is what is going on in the present within the group, because present events aren't really imaginative; they are what is happening. Fantasies are found in jokes, stories, analogies, metaphors; they are our interpretation of and how we feel about familiar events. What happens when we are all talking, using these fantasies is that we are all brought to the same page because of them. When group energy increases and there is a common emotional response to the imagery used this is a fantasy chain reaction. When a fantasy 'chains out' a fantasy theme runs through the group. Now we are all laughing together, or getting worried together. We are becoming a cohesive group!! Bormann calls this process Symbolic Convergence . It is through this symbolic convergence that a bunch of people are transformed into a group, a community, a family!" 11-04
- Superstrings (Pierre)
Provides an introduction to superstrings, a unified theory of the universe.
- Feathered Dinosaurs (Deem)
Provides arguments against the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs, such as the Sinosauropteryx prima. December, 1997. However, two more types of feathered dinosaurs were found in 1998, supporting very strongly the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs. Sinosauropteryx prima, Caudipteryx zoui, Confuciusornis, and Protarchaeopteryx robusta were feathered dinosaurs, whereas Archaeopteryx was the oldest known bird.
- Creationism - Argument For (Taylor)
Provides a religious argument for why the theory of evolution must be discarded in favor of a creationist point of view. 11-99
- Algebra (Weisstein and Wolfram Research)
Provides a comprehensive set of advanced resources in algebra, including quadratic forms, field theory, equations, identities, invariants, operations, cyclotomy, coding theory, polynomials, and much more. 12-99
- Evolution - Concept and Examples (Athro, Limited)
Provides an explanation of evolution as fact and theory. Also provides some examples. 12-00
- Music Resources (MusicatSchool.co.uk - Shannon)
Provides resources by topic, including classical composers, timelines, Beethoven, music theory, resources for music educators, and more. 2-01
- Classical Music Composers (Gander Academy - Cornish)
Provides resources by topic, including classical composers, timelines, Beethoven, music theory, resources for music educators, and more. 2-01
- -Anthropology (Foley)
Provides a cohesive set of fossil examples that support the theory of human evolution. Also, by fossil case, provides creationist arguments against the evolution explanation. 2-01
- Water on Mars Debate (CNN - Space)
Describes the debate on whether there is water on Mars. An alternative theory is that the markings on Mars that look like they are caused by water are actually caused by liquid carbon dioxide. 4-01
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