Terms: star wars
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• Social Studies > Military Conflicts and Wars > Iraq

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1. Crusades - Asserts That Pope Urban II Started the War Against Muslims (Dowling)
   Provides the events that resulted in the "Holy Wars" between Christians and Muslims for Jerusalem. 10-01

2. Woodward Shares War Secrets (CBS News)
   "Journalist Bob Woodward calls his new book, 'Plan of Attack,' the first detailed, behind-the-scenes account of how and why the president decided to wage war in Iraq."
   
   "It’s an insider’s account written after Woodward spoke with 75 of the key decision makers, including President Bush himself."
   
   ”Rumsfeld and Franks work out a deal essentially where Franks can spend any money he needs. And so he starts building runways and pipelines and doing all the preparations in Kuwait, specifically to make war possible,” says Woodward."
   
   “Gets to a point where in July, the end of July 2002, they need $700 million, a large amount of money for all these tasks. And the president approves it. But Congress doesn't know and it is done. They get the money from a supplemental appropriation for the Afghan War, which Congress has approved. …Some people are gonna look at a document called the Constitution which says that no money will be drawn from the Treasury unless appropriated by Congress. Congress was totally in the dark on this."
   
   ” 'A year before the war started, three things are going on. Franks is secretly developing this war plan that he's briefing the president in detail on,' says Woodward. 'Franks simultaneously is publicly denying that he's ever been asked to do any plan.' ”
   
   Woodward says that [Saudi Prince] Bandar understood that economic conditions were key before a presidential election: 'They’re [oil prices] high. And they could go down very quickly. That's the Saudi pledge. Certainly over the summer, or as we get closer to the election, they could increase production several million barrels a day and the price would drop significantly.' ” 4-04

3. CBO: Over $855 Billion Budget Deficit Projected for Decade (CNN News)
   "As Congress started to digest a new Bush administration request of $80 billion to bankroll wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, its top budget analyst Tuesday projected $855 billion in deficits for the next decade even without the costs of war and President Bush’s Social Security plan." 1-05
   

4. Top Rated Action Movies and "Luminaries" (IMDB.com)
   Provides a list of the top 10 rated by IMDB. (Other surveys will result in different lists). Movies include The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), Shichinin no samurai (1954), Buono, il brutto, il cattivo, Il (1966), Star Wars (1977), Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980), The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), C'era una volta il West (1968), The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), and The Matrix (1999). Luminaries include James Cameron, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis, John Woo, Sylvester Stallone, Jackie Chan, John McTiernan, Renny Harlin, Will Smith, and Yun-Fat Chow.

5. Report: Conflicts Over Water and Food Could Intensify (Christian Science Monitor)
   "For years, the debate over global warming has focused on the three big 'E's': environment, energy, and economic impact. This week it officially entered the realm of national security threats and avoiding wars as well."
   
   "As quoted in the Associated Press, British Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett, who presided over the UN meeting in New York April 17, posed the question 'What makes wars start' The answer:"
   
   " 'Fights over water. Changing patterns of rainfall. Fights over food production, land use. There are few greater potential threats to our economies ... but also to peace and security itself.' " 04-07

6. American Flag (Wikipedia.org)
   "The flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 U.S. states and the 13 stripes represent the original Thirteen Colonies that rebelled against the British crown and became the first states in the Union.[1] Nicknames for the flag include 'the Stars and Stripes' and 'Old Glory', with the latter nickname coined by Captain William Driver, a nineteenth century shipmaster."
   
   "Because of its symbolism, the starred blue canton is called the 'union'. This part of the national flag can stand alone as a maritime flag called the Union Jack[2] which served as the U.S. jack on warships from 1777 until 2002." 06-07

7. -08-24-07 Editorial: Bush's Risky Vietnam Comparison (Time.com)
   "Politically, President Bush has reached the point all gamblers fear: being so far down that higher stakes start to look worth the risk. Public support for his handling of the war in Iraq is already abysmal, with 70% against him and only 25% still in his camp. So perhaps he felt he had very little to lose when Wednesday, in a speech to the Veterans of Foreign Wars in Kansas City, Mo., he effectively doubled down, arguing not only that America needs to stay in Iraq until a stable democracy can take root, but also implying we should have done the same in Vietnam a generation ago." 08-07

8. Editorial: How to Save a Trillion Dollars (Time.com)
   "Across Washington, all sorts of people are starting to ask the unthinkable questions about long-sacred military budgets. Can the U.S. really afford more than 500 bases at home and around the world? Do the Air Force, Navy and Marines really need $400 billion in new jet fighters when their fleets of F-15s, F-16s and F-18s will give them vast air superiority for years to come? Does the Navy need 50 attack submarines when America's main enemy hides in caves? Does the Army still need 80,000 troops in Europe 66 years after the defeat of Adolf Hitler?"
   
   "Numbers alone tell much of the story: we are now spending 50% more (even excluding the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq) than we did on 9/11. We are spending more on the military than we did during the Cold War, when U.S. and NATO troops stared across Germany's Fulda Gap at a real super-power foe with real tanks and thousands of nuclear weapons aimed at U.S. cities. In fact, the U.S. spends about as much on its military as the rest of the world combined." 04-11

9. -Editorial: Why Vincent Chin Matters (New York Times)
   "The killing catalyzed political activity among Asian-Americans — whose numbers had steadily increased since the 1965 overhaul of immigration laws but who then represented only about 1.5 percent of the population — as never before. “Remember Vincent Chin” turned into a rallying cry; for the first time, Asian-Americans of every background angrily protested in cities across the country. For all that Asians had been through — racial exclusion, starting with a ban on Chinese migrant labor in 1882; the unconstitutional detention of Japanese-Americans during World War II; the legacy of America’s wars in the Philippines, Korea and Vietnam — no single episode involving an individual Asian-American had ever had such an effect before. And none has since."
   
   "The circumstances of the Chin case were no accident." 06-12

10. -10-17-12 Editorial: What We Need to Hear in the Second Presidential Debate (New York Times)
    "The housing/credit markets exploded, creating a systemic banking crisis and a painful recession, which coincided with our sharpening education deficit, which coincided with two wars and a big tax cut that dramatically worsened our national deficit. The result is a deep hole."
    
    "That hole requires us to now cut spending, raise and reform taxes; stimulate the economy by investing in infrastructure, research and teachers; spur more start-ups; and offer more people postsecondary vocational or college education. So, first, listen for anything like that diagnosis from the candidates."
    
    "And, second, listen for a plan that rises to the true scale of that challenge, one that proposes job-creating infrastructure investments tied with a program to stimulate more start-ups (which have slowed) tied with a credible deficit-reduction plan — that would be phased in as the economy recovers — tied with a plan to get more Americans postsecondary education. Yes, I know, Obama has many such initiatives, but he has not made them the centerpiece of his campaign, or highlighted them in his commercials, or tied them together into a compelling package that gets people out of their chairs, saying: 'Yes, he’s got the answer!' Instead of campaigning on how good is his plan, he has campaigned on how bad is Romney’s." 10-12

11. -02-18-13 Selling of the Iraq War (MSNBC News)
    "The talking points suggest Rumsfeld and his team were grappling with a tricky issue: 'How [to] start?' the war. In other words, what would the pretext be? Various scenarios were outlined: 'US discovers Saddam connection to Sept. 11 attack or to anthrax attacks?' reads one of them. 'Dispute over WMD inspections?' reads another. 'Start now thinking about inspection demands.' "
    
    "These talking points make it clearer than ever that Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz and others were determined–probably from the moment they came into office–to invade Iraq. Paul Pillar–then one of the CIA’s top terrorism analysts—says in the documentary that the 9/11 attacks 'made it politically possible for the first time to persuade the American people to break a tradition of not launching offensive wars.' But to achieve the goal, secret intelligence was twisted, massaged, and wildly exaggerated. 'It wasn’t a matter of lying about this or lying about that,' Pillar says. 'But rather—through the artistry of speechwriters and case-presenters—conveying an impression to the American people that certain things were true.' But those things were not true. It’s worth watching to see how it was done." 02-13

12. Highest Box Office Rankings in the US (Time.com)
    "The previous record-holder for domestic weekend box office, without adjusting for inflation, was Jurassic World, which took in $208.8 million in its first weekend. By comparison, Star Wars: The Force Awakens raked in a whopping $238 million in its first weekend, and even before the opening, pre-sale tickets totaled more than $100 million." 12-15

13. Fisher, Carrie (Time.com)
    "Carrie Fisher, the actress best known as Princess Leia Organa in Star Wars, has died after suffering a heart attack." Carrie died at 60.

14. Fisher, Carrie (CBS News)
    "Fisher was best known as Princess Leia in the “Star Wars” movies, but the multi-faceted actress was an accomplished hyphenate with several more roles under her belt."