Terms: scientists
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1. Scientists' Biographies (PBS)
   Provides biographies of scientists from the fields of medicine and health, physics and astronomy, human behavior, technology, and earth and life sciences. 3-00

2. Autos - MPG Standards Need to be Raised (Union of Concerned Scientists)
   Asserts that existing technology can be applied to reduce fuel use by 75 percent. 6-01

3. Energy Efficiency Tips to Help Reduce Global Warming (Union of Concerned Scientists)
   Suggests personal steps each of us can take toward reducing global warming. Includes taking action on public issues, such as writing newspapers and representatives. 6-01

4. Guidelines for Scientists to Teach in the Classroom (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)
   Provides five tips for scientists to improve their presentations to children in a classroom. 11-01

5. Terrorism Background and Threat Assessments (Federation of American Scientists)
   Provides sources of information related to acts of terrorism, threats of terrorism, documents opposing terrorism, and steps to counter terrorism. 3-02

6. Scientists in Iraq (BBC News - Westcott)
   Describes a few of Hussein's top scientists. "Saddam Hussein's top scientists may hold the key to the secrets of Iraq's weapons programmes, but tracking them down and interviewing them is posing one of the biggest challenges to weapons inspectors." 12-02

7. 06-23-03 Scientists Begin Quest to Detect Gravity Waves (SpaceDaily.com)
   "Armed with one of the most advanced scientific instruments of all time, physicists are now watching the universe intently for the first evidence of gravitational waves." 6-03

8. 07-24-03 Scientists Bore Into Ice Over 100,000 Years Old (BBC News)
   "Scientists have drilled through the central Greenland ice cap, obtaining an ice core that records climate data for the past 120,000 years." 7-03

9. Scientists Turn DNA Tubes into Nanowires (Scientific American)
   "Scientists have recruited DNA to manufacture minuscule wires that could be used for nanoscale electronic devices." 1-04

10. Scientists and Inventors - African American (InfoPlease.com)
    Provides biographies. 1-05

11. -03-15-05 Scientists Test Evolution (ABC News)
    "Scientists are bringing the past to life by hatching eggs once thought to be dead and producing colonies of animals as they existed decades ago." 4-05

12. 07-14-05 NIH Scientists Violated Ethics Rules (Bloomberg.com)
    "Almost four dozen scientists at the National Institutes of Health violated rules governing outside contracts with the pharmaceutical industry and nine may be investigated for criminal violations, U.S. lawmakers said." 7-05

13. -07-27-05 Scientists Find Bacteria That Fight Bad Breath (CBS News)
    "Scientists have found bacteria that fight bad breath and smelly feet." 7-05

14. Global Warming More Than Most Scientists Expected (NationalGeographic.com)
    "The temperature rise has put feathered, furry, and scaly animals alike in a state of flux. Some are seeking higher ground, others are breeding earlier, and many can't find enough to eat."
    
    "But these changes—like the warming itself—are already happening more quickly than most researchers expected."
    
    "In the North Sea, for example, such changes have kinked the entire food chain, according to Euan Dunn, head of marine policy for the U.K.'s Royal Society for the Protection of Birds." 8-05

15. -09-14-05 Scientists: Government Not Prepared for a Quake in L.A. (ABC News)
    "As many as 18,000 people dead. More than $250 billion in damages. Hundreds of thousands of people left homeless. That's not the latest estimate of Hurricane Katrina's toll on the Gulf Coast. That's a worst-case scenario if a major earthquake were to hit Los Angeles."
    
    "The figures are hypothetical, from a model published in May by government researchers studying the Puente Hills fault under the city. Scientists warn that there's little doubt a major quake will hit California in coming years or decades, though many scenarios are not as disastrous as Puente Hills."
    
    "As was the case with Katrina, experts say the federal government hasn't done enough to prepare." 9-05

16. Scientists: Arctic Ice Loss Triggering Global Warming (BBC News)
    " 'September 2005 will set a new record minimum in the amount of Arctic sea ice cover,' said Mark Serreze, of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Boulder, Colorado.' "
    
    "The current rate of shrinkage they calculate at 8% per decade; at this rate there may be no ice at all during the summer of 2060."
    
    " 'These dark areas absorb a lot of the Sun's energy, much more than the ice, and what happens then is that the oceans start to warm up, and it becomes very difficult for ice to form during the following autumn and winter.' "
    
    " 'It looks like this is exactly what we're seeing - a positive feedback effect, a "tipping-point".' "
    
    "The idea behind tipping-points is that at some stage the rate of global warming would accelerate, as rising temperatures break down natural restraints or trigger environmental changes which release further amounts of greenhouse gases."
    
    "The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, a four-year study involving hundreds of scientists, projected an additional temperature rise of 4-7C by 2100." 9-05

17. -10-20-05 Rat Outsmarts Scientists (USA Today)
    "A cunning rat released on a deserted island off New Zealand outsmarted scientists and evaded traps, baits and sniffer dogs before being captured four months later on a neighbouring island, researchers said on Wednesday."
    
    "Scientists from the University of Auckland in New Zealand released the Norway rat on the 9.5-hectare (23.5-acre) island of Motuhoropapa to find out why rats are so difficult to eradicate."
    
    "They got more than they bargained for." 10-05

18. Scientists: Marketing of "Junk" Food Effective - Stop It (MSNBC News)
    "SpongeBob SquarePants, Shrek and other characters kids love should promote only healthy food, a panel of scientists recommended."
    
    "In a report released Tuesday, the Institute of Medicine said television advertising strongly influences what children under 12 eat." 12-05

19. -02-20-06 Scientists Rally for Evolution (ABC News)
    "Many at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the nation's largest gathering of scientists, spoke out over the weekend against what they called religious pressure in public schools." 02-06

20. -03-21-06 Woman With Perfect Memory Baffles Scientists (ABC News)
    AJ's "degree of recall is so much greater than any other person's in the scientific literature that it [her method of categorizing] seems unlikely to be the complete answer, McGaugh adds."
    
    "She is also quite different from savants who have surfaced from time to time with extraordinary abilities in music, art or memory." 3-06

21. Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Timelines to 2000 (Federation of American Scientists)
    Provides a timeline to the year 2000. 04-06

22. -06-12-06 Scientists: First New Species of Human Found (ABC News)
    "In October 2004, a team of Australian and Indonesian archaeologists announced in Nature magazine they had dug up the bones of a brand new, previously unknown humanoid species which they nicknamed 'The Hobbit,' because it was rather small."
    
    "Graphic artists, working with the team, have pictured the hobbit. It's clearly not a dwarf, or a pygmy, but a 3-foot tall species of humans. Hobbs, who worked as a consultant with 60 Minutes on the story, believes they may have had a rudimentary form of language."
    
    "He says it's astounding because the Hobbit’s brain was a third the size of one of ours. And scientists had always used brain size as the most important characteristic separating humans from other animals -- that and the ability to use tools and build fires." 06-06

23. Scientists Worry About Health Risks in Plastic Containers (ABC News)
    "BPA — sometimes indicated by a number 7 on products — is found mostly in strong plastics, such as nondisposable water bottles, baby bottles and in the lining of canned foods."
    
    "BPA — sometimes indicated by a number 7 on products — is found mostly in strong plastics, such as nondisposable water bottles, baby bottles and in the lining of canned foods."
    
    "While the Food and Drug Administration and the American Plastics Council insist BPA is safe, an outspoken biology professor and other scientists believe it may bring all kinds of harm — such as cancer, early puberty, obesity and even attention-deficit disorder." 07-06

24. Scientists

25. 01-17-07 Scientists and Evangelicals Join for Protection from Global Warming (ABC News)
    "U.S. scientists and evangelical Christian leaders joined forces on Wednesday to protect the environment from the ravages of global warming, calling on President George W. Bush and others in power to help." 01-07

26. 01-29-07 Scientists Gather to Finalize Report on Global Warming (USA Today)
    "Scientists from around the world gathered Monday in Paris to finalize a long-awaited, authoritative report on climate change, expected to give a grim warning of rising temperatures and sea levels worldwide." 01-07

27. Report: Scientists Offer Plan to Combat Global Warming (RedOrbit.com)
    "To head off the worst of climate change, governments must pour tens of billions of dollars more than they are into clean-energy research and enforce sharp rollbacks in fossil-fuel emissions, an expert scientific panel reported to the United Nations on Tuesday." 02-07

28. Why Scientists Study Particles (CERN)
    "Scientists have found that everything in the Universe is made up from a small number of basic building blocks called elementary particles, governed by a few fundamental forces." 03-07

29. -03-15-07 Scientists Discover 6 Million New Genes in the Ocean (PBS News)
    "Scientists spent two years trawling the oceans for bacteria and viruses, and in the process discovered 6 million new genes, doubling the number known on Earth and holding promise for new antibiotics and alternative energy sources." 03-07

30. -05-13-07 Scientists Are Researching If Fish Oil Helps Alzheimer's patients (ScienceDaily.com)
    "U.S.researchers are developing a clinical trial to see if omega-3 fatty acid slows the progression of Alzheimer's disease." 05-07

31. -05-30-07 Scientists Hear the Sun Scream (MSNBC News)
    "Speedy solar storms carrying a billion tons of charged gas through space let out a thunderous scream before they unleash satellite-stopping radiation storms that slam into Earth's magnetic field." 05-07

32. -06-04-07 Study: Dogs More Intelligent Than Scientists Thought (MSNBC News)
    " 'What's surprising and shocking about this is that we thought this sort of imitation was very sophisticated, something seen only in humans,' said Brian Hare, who studies dogs at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. 'Once again, it ends up dogs are smarter than scientists thought.' "
    
    "The experiment suggests that dogs can put themselves inside the head of another dog -- and perhaps people -- to make relatively complex decisions."
    
    " 'This suggests they can actually think about your intention -- they can look for explanations of your behavior and make inferences about what you are thinking,' Hare said." 06-07

33. Scientists: BPA Chemical May Be a Problem for Humans (PBS.org)
    "The chemical bisphenol A, known as BPA, is used to make many common plastic products used in U.S. homes, including baby bottles. Scientists and expert panels have been tasked with determining whether BPA has adverse effects on human health." 10-07

34. -05-21-08 Scientists Observe Supernova in Action (New York Times)
    "Far away on the day of Jan. 9, Earth time, a satellite telescope by the name of Swift, which happened to be gazing at the star’s galaxy, a smudge of stars 88 million light-years away in the constellation Lynx, recorded an unexpected burst of invisible X-rays 100 billion times as bright as the Sun." 05-08

35. -09-06-08 Scientists Create Virtual Telescope 1000 Times Finer Than Hubble (Science Daily)
    "An international team, led by astronomers at the MIT Haystack Observatory, has obtained the closest views ever of what is believed to be a super-massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy." 09-08

36. -01-26-09 Desperate Times, Desperate Scientists (Salon.com)
    "For the first time in six years, more than 2,000 of the world's top scientists reviewed and synthesized all of the scientific knowledge about global warming. The Fourth Assessment Report makes clear that the accelerating emissions of human-generated heat-trapping gases has brought the planet close to crossing a threshold that will lead to irreversible catastrophe. Yet like Cassandra's warning about the Trojan horse, the IPCC report has fallen on deaf ears, especially those of conservative politicians, even as its findings are the most grave to date." 01-09

37. Union of Concerned Scientists: ExxonMobil Paid to Confuse Public on Global Warming (USA Today)
    "ExxonMobil (XOM) gave $16 million to 43 ideological groups between 1998 and 2005 in an effort to mislead the public by discrediting the science behind global warming, the Union of Concerned Scientists asserted Wednesday." 01-07

38. Scientists Confirm Origins of AIDS (ABC News)
    "Twenty-five years after the first AIDS cases emerged, scientists have confirmed that the HIV virus plaguing humans really did originate in wild chimpanzees, in a corner of Cameroon." 05-06

39. -03-26-09 Six Scientists on the Cutting Edge of Environmental Research (U.S. News)
    Provides an update on the work of six scientists. 03-09

40. -04-03-09 Scientists Admit Global Warming Is a Hoax...Not (Christian Science Monitor)
    "In an unprecedented move Wednesday, the Norwegian Nobel Committee rescinded the Peace Prize it awarded in 2007 to former US vice president Al Gore and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, amid overwhelming evidence that global warming is an elaborate hoax cooked up by Mr. Gore."
    
    "After revoking the 2007 prize from Gore and the IPCC, the Nobel committee retroactively awarded it to the more than 31,000 people who signed the Oregon Petition – an appeal challenging the notion that there exists a scientific consensus regarding global warming – 'for their efforts to pursue pure, objective science that is free from the influence of any special interest group.' "
    
    "The prize of about $1.53 million will be divided equally among the petition’s signatories, whose expertise ranges from astrology to Intelligent Design."
    
    Editor's Note: This article is an April's Fools Day joke, if it was not sufficiently obvious. 04-09

41. -04-21-09 Scientists: C.I.A. Misused Information on Sleep Deprivation (Time.com)
    "German and French researchers whose work has been cited by the CIA and the Justice Department to help justify the legality of harsh interrogation techniques, including prolonged sleep deprivation, condemned the Bush Administration on Tuesday for misusing their scientific findings." 04-09

42. Scientists Clone Glowing Dogs (CBS News)
    "South Korean scientists say they have engineered four beagles that glow red using cloning techniques that could help develop cures for human diseases." 04-09

43. -Seven Policies to Slow Climate Change (Union of Concerned Scientists)
    "Over the years, state and federal governments have taken a number of policy actions to encourage renewable energy production. In states committed to seeing them through, the policies have been very successful. New policies are needed if renewables are to compete successfully in deregulated electricity generation markets." 09-09

44. -011-02-09 Scientists Decode Pig DNA (Time.com)
    "An international group of scientists has decoded the DNA of the domestic pig, research that may one day prove useful in finding new treatments for both pigs and people, and perhaps aid in efforts for a new swine flu vaccine for pigs."
    
    "Pigs and humans are similar in size and makeup, and swine are often used in human research. Scientists say they rely on pigs to study everything from obesity and heart disease to skin disorders." 11-09

45. -11-13-09 Scientists: The Moon Has Significant Water (USA Today)
    " 'There's water, and it is not just a little water, but significant amounts,' says NASA's Anthony Colaprete, chief science investigator for the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS)." 11-09

46. -01-05-10 C.I.A. Shares Data With Climate Scientists (New York Times)
    "The nation’s top scientists and spies are collaborating on an effort to use the federal government’s intelligence assets — including spy satellites and other classified sensors — to assess the hidden complexities of environmental change." 01-10

47. Helping Scientists Teach in the Classroom (Howard Hughes Medical Institute)
    Provides three resources for teaching scientists to teach in public schools. 11-01

48. Chinchorro Mummies Believed to be 8000 Years Old
    "Various excavations of mummies (referred to as the Chinchorro) in Chile have brought scientists to believe that methods of highly complex mummification existed prior to that of the ancient Egyptians."

49. Background on Spiders
    "This unit will help children appreciate the place spiders have in the world and will lessen the fear of spiders caused by misunderstandings. They will begin activities such as building a spider habitat, constructing a web and reading about spiders to develop the theme. There are more than 30,000 different types of spiders known to scientists! Most of them are very tiny animals that help people by eating insects. The banana spider, the trap-door spider, the purse-web spider, the garden spider, and the grass spider are just a few of the interesting animals we're going to learn about." 09-09
    

50. Biographies of Anthropologists (Minnesota State University)
    Provides short biographies of over 100 key figures contributing to the field of anthropology. Alphabetic order by last name. 7-99