Terms: philosophie
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- Nagarjuna (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Provides a biography and a summary of teachings. Although Nagarjuna was Indian, he heavily influenced Tibetan Buddhism.
"Often referred to as 'the second Buddha' by Tibetan and East Asian Mahayana (Great Vehicle) traditions of Buddhism, Nagarjuna proffered trenchant criticisms of Brahminical and Buddhist substantialist philosophy, theory of knowledge and approaches to practice. Nagarjuna’s central concept of the 'emptiness (sunyata) of all things (dharmas),' which pointed to the incessantly changing and so never fixed nature of all phenomena, served as much as the terminological prop of subsequent Buddhist philosophical thinking as the vexation of opposed Vedic systems. The concept had fundamental implications for Indian philosophical models of causation, substance ontology, epistemology, conceptualizations of language, ethics and theories of world-liberating salvation, and proved seminal even for Buddhist philosophies in India, Tibet, China and Japan very different from Nagarjuna’s own. Indeed it would not be an overstatement to say that Nagarjuna’s innovative concept of emptiness, though it was hermeneutically appropriated in many different ways by subsequent philosophers in both South and East Asia, was to profoundly influence the character of Buddhist thought." 12-04
- Conservatism (Wikipedia.org)
"Conservatism is any of a number of political philosophies supporting traditional values or an established social order. As the word implies, conservatives seek to conserve the existing social order or to reinstate a social order from the past." 12-05
- World History Lessons (Bennett)
Provides several lessons, focusing especially on social philosophies. 2-01
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[Dr. Jerry Adams at jadams@awesomelibrary.org.]
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