Terms: ohio
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- History of Horticulture (The Ohio State University - Howlett)
Provides a history of horticulture by time period, starting with the 12th century BC. 3-01
- Biology of Horticulture (The Ohio State University - Howlett)
Provides information on plant structures, physiology, processes, functions, environments, and diversity. 3-01
- Lewis Structures - Predicting Electronic Structures of Covalently Bonded Molecules (The Ohio State University - Grandinetti)
Provides instructions and examples. 6-01
- Basics of Chemistry - Quizzes (Ohio State University)
Provides online quizzes on basic chemistry. 8-01
- -11-03-04 Poll: Ohio Reflects Divisions Across the Nation (ABC News)
"If the vote in Ohio had been about the economy, John Kerry would likely be president-elect. If it were about terrorism, President Bush might have had an easier time. Instead it was about both, and more — and that made it a very long night." 11-04
- -11-05-04 "Values" Message Wins Ohio for GOP (MSNBC News)
"While the two campaigns slugged it out on big-city TV stations with commercials about the war and the economy, Bush's Ohio campaign used targeted mailings, phone calls and doorstep visits to talk about values, said John C. Green, a University of Akron professor who studies religion and politics. Green described one piece of mail from the Bush campaign that featured a beautiful church and a traditional nuclear family. It was headlined, 'George W. Bush shares your values. Marriage. Life. Faith.' "
"It could not have been clearer if it had quoted from the Bible," Green said." 11-04
- -11-04-04 Ohio Results of Presidential Election of 2004 (Ohio Elections Commission)
Provides election results by county. 11-04
- Discrepancies in Ohio and Florida (MSNBC News - Olbermann)
"Here’s an interesting little sidebar of our system of government confirmed recently by the crack Countdown research staff: no Presidential candidate’s concession speech is legally binding. The only determinants of the outcome of election are the reports of the state returns boards and the vote of the Electoral College." Olbermann then started reporting substantial discrepancies and oddities in the election results.
"...the Cincinnati Enquirer reported that officials in Warren County, Ohio, had 'locked down' its administration building to prevent anybody from observing the vote count there."
"The State of Ohio confirms that of all of its 88 Counties, Warren alone decided such Homeland Security measures were necessary. Even in Butler County, reports the Enquirer, the media and others were permitted to watch through a window as ballot-checkers performed their duties."
"Nobody in Warren County seems to think they’ve done anything wrong. The newspaper quotes County Prosecutor Rachel Hurtzel as saying the Commissioners 'were within their rights' to lock the building down, because having photographers or reporters present could have interfered with the count."
"You bet, Rachel."
"Thus the majority of the media has yet to touch the other stories of Ohio (the amazing Bush Times Ten voting machine in Gahanna) or the sagas of Ohio South: huge margins for Bush in Florida counties in which registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans 2-1, places where the optical scanning of precinct totals seems to have turned results from perfect matches for the pro-Kerry exit poll data, to Bush sweeps." 11-04
- Ohio Recount (MSNBC News)
"Election boards all across Ohio have started counting "provisional ballots" in the presidential election. These are the ballots that were given to voters who believed they were registered but whose names didn't appear on the precinct list on election day."
"There is another number that will eventually come into play in the Buckeye state... and that's the number of 'spoiled ballots.' The Green/Libertarian coalition, through recountohio.org, has already raised enough money to pay for a statewide recount."
"However, there is one other number that has been the talk of the Net... and that's the number of 'tallies' that might have been hacked or changed by somebody who left some nefarious 'code' on the Windows systems tabulating the county by county vote." "But, given that 70% of Ohio used punch cards... most of the state does have a 'paper trail.' And the recount, when it happens, should settle these allegations once and for all." 11-04
- 11-18-04 Study: Insufficient Voting Machines Disenfranchised Voters in Ohio (Wikipedia.org)
"Prior to the election, there was much ado about each precinct getting enough ballots, but an equally serious matter that seems to have been overlooked by people trying to protect people's right to vote is whether the precints had a sufficient number of voting machines, such that the votes could be proccessed at a sufficient rate. Machine quantity as well as ballot quantity determines the saturation point of votes. Number of machines * Max. votes per hour per machine * hours poll is open = max. number of votes precinct is able to process. Every voter over this limit is effectively disenfranchised, just as if the precint had run out of ballots; the precinct runs out of voter-time-slots."
"Although low population precincts had relatively plenty of voting machines and were well within the limits of processing capacity, high-population centers often did not, and sometimes had less than half the machines requested and were well outside the limits of processing capacity, effectively disenfranchisng an undetermined number of voters."
"This may explain the discrepancy between expected voter turnout in high-population areas and counted voter turnout in these areas. Since high-population areas are predominantely Democratic, this would primarily effect the Democratic constituency, and appear on the surface to reflect inefficacy in the Democratic GOTV effort. It is entirely possible, and arguably - from the empirical evidence - probable, that the vote did get out, but the polling places, due to lack of machines and/or staff, were not able to processs the full vote-load."
"140 such incidents (over 1/7 of the national total) are from Cuyahoga County, Ohio [14]." 11-04
- -Volunteer: Help With a Manual Recount in Ohio (Green Party - Cobb)
"No matter what your political party, if you believe that the price of a robust democracy is eternal vigilance, then we need your help with the Ohio vote recount." 11-04
- Updates on the Recount in Ohio (VoteCobb.org)
Provides news on the recount effort in Ohio. 11-04
- 11-29-04 Jackson: Kerry Supports Full Investigation in Ohio (FreePress.org)
"John Kerry supports a 'full investigation' into voting irregularities in Ohio, Rev. Jesse Jackson said Saturday, during a teleconference with media regarding a recount and legal challenge of the Nov. 2 vote."
" 'We want to look at the exit polls,' Jackson said, referring to at least two non-partisan Election Day polls, by Zogby and CNN, which gave Kerry 53 percent and 51 percent of the vote, respectively. 'We don’t want to be presumptuous, but these numbers in the Butler, Clarmont, Warren and Hamilton counties are suspicious.' ”
"By suspicious, Jackson is referring to the latest analysis of the Nov. 2 vote by a coalition of Ohio voting rights activists. In analyzing the still-unofficial results, the totals reveal that C. Ellen Connally, an African-American Democratic candidate from Cleveland for Ohio Chief Justice, received 257,000 more votes than Kerry. It is highly improbable that Connally’s vote totals would be so much higher than Kerry’s,' Fitrakis said."
" 'Statistically, Kerry, as the Democratic presidential candidate, should have more votes than Connally. In a presidential election, most voters have the priority of casting a vote for president and the votes for president are almost always much higher than those of candidates farther down the ticket.' " 11-04
- 12-03-04 Ohio Supreme Court Judge to Hear Challenge to Ohio Vote (Guardian Unlimited)
"George Bush's victory in the US presidential election will be challenged in Ohio's supreme court today, when a group of Democratic voters will allege widespread fraud."
"The election challenge will be reviewed by a single judge out of the seven members of Ohio's supreme court, who may let the election stand, declare another winner, or throw out the result, forcing a recount or even a new vote. The ruling can be appealed to the full court."
Exit polls on election day suggested that the election could be heading towards a Kerry victory, deepening the despair in Democratic ranks at the Bush win. The anomaly was blamed on the exit polls, but Mr Arnebeck argued that it was evidence of malpractice." 12-04
- U.S. House Members Challenge Ohio on Vote Irregularities (U.S. House of Representatives)
Provides a detailed and documented set of irregularities in the Ohio vote and requests a formal response to the appearance of outright election fraud by the Ohio Secretary of State or local elections officials. Kenneth Blackwell, the Ohio Secretary of State, served a double role as the senior official in charge of conducting the elections for the state and also as co-chairman of the Bush re-election campaign. 9-05
- Election Results in Southwestern Ohio (Phillips)
"Three contiguous counties in southwestern Ohio, all traditionally Republican counties, gave unexpectedly large margins to George W. Bush over John F. Kerry on election night. All three counties experienced a huge increase in voter turnout. In all three counties, Bush received a higher percentage of the vote than he did in the 2000 election, and Kerry received a lower percentage of the vote than Al Gore did in 2000. This study analyzes how it happened."
"These election results are not credible. Voter turnout was up substantially (8.27%), yet Kerry got 10% fewer votes than Gore. Exactly." 12-04
- How Voters Were Disenfranchised in Ohio (The AllianceforDemocracy.org - Fitrakis)
"Following four community public hearings in Ohio about election irregularities and voter suppression -- two in the capitol, Columbus, and one each in Cincinnati and Cleveland -- a clear pattern and practice of voter disenfranchisement is emerging." 12-04
- Witness to the Ohio Elections (Spectrumz.com)
"I worked for 3 days, including Election Day, on the statewide voter protection hotline run by the Ohio Democratic Party in Columbus, Ohio. I am writing this because the media is inexplicably whitewashing what happened in Ohio, and Kerry's concession was likewise inexplicable. Hundreds of thousands of people were disenfranchised in Ohio." 12-04
- Ohio Recount Proceeds (CommonDreams.org)
Describes the process for the electoral vote and why all votes must be counted. 12-04
- Ohio Recount Project (StolenElection2004.com)
Provides opportunities to assist with recounting the vote in Ohio. 12-04
- Voting Irregularities Found in Ohio and Florida (Phillips)
Summarized irregularities in voting patterns found by Dr. Richard Phillips that he claims make John Kerry the winner of the 2004 election. 12-04
- -12-13-04 Court Challenge of Ohio Election Results (Akron Beacon Journal - Associated Press)
"The Rev. Jesse Jackson and attorney Cliff Arnebeck of the Massachusetts-based Alliance for Democracy accused President Bush's campaign of 'high-tech vote stealing.' "
"Jackson said the challengers noticed Bush generally received more votes in counties that use optical-scan voting machines and questioned whether the machines were calibrated to record votes for Bush."
"The dissidents claim there were disparities in vote totals for Democrats, too few voting machines in Democrat-leaning precincts, organized campaigns directing voters to the wrong polling place and confusion over the counting of provisional ballots by voters whose names did not appear in the records at polling places." "The challengers allege unlawful ballots were added to the total and legally cast ballots were altered. Without listing specific evidence, the complaint alleges 130,656 votes for Kerry and John Edwards in 36 counties were somehow switched to count for the Bush-Cheney ticket."
"The complaint also cites several reports of Election Day problems, including people who allegedly saw their vote 'hop' to Bush on touch-screen machines after they voted for Kerry."
"If the court decides to hear the challenge, it can declare a new winner or throw out the results." 12-04
- Injunction Filed to Prevent Certification of the Ohio Electors (Supreme Court of Ohio)
Provides a copy of the injunction. 12-04
- 12-15-04 Election Contested in Ohio (Los Angeles Times)
"Arnebeck, a Democratic lawyer here and co-chairman of a self-styled national populist alliance, is petitioning the state's highest court to throw out official results that favor President Bush and instead hand Ohio's 20 electoral votes — and thus the White House — to Kerry. Or, at least, order a revote." 12-04
- -12-19-04 Legal Challenge of Ohio Vote Intensifies (FreePress.org - Fitrakis, Rosenfeld, and Wasserman)
"The epic legal battle over Ohio's presidential vote count is back in the state Supreme Court, with an election challenge claiming George W. Bush was wrongly declared the winner on Nov. 2 and seeking a court-ordered reversal of that victory." 12-04
- -Preserving Democracy: What Went Wrong in Ohio (Status Report of the House Judiciary Committee Democratic Staff - Conyers)
Provides a complete report on the voting irregularities reported to the Committee in Ohio.
"This report, therefore, makes three recommendations: (1) consistent with the requirements of the United States Constitution concerning the counting of electoral votes by Congress and Federal law implementing these requirements, there are ample grounds for challenging the electors from the State of Ohio, (2) Congress should engage in further hearings into the widespread irregularities reported in Ohio, we believe the problems are serious enough to warrant the appointment of a joint select Committee of the House and Senate to investigate and report back to the Members, and (3) Congress needs to enact election reform to restore our people’s trust in our democracy. These changes should include putting in place more specific federal protections for federal elections, particularly in the areas of audit capability for electronic voting machines and casting and counting of provisional ballots, as well as other needed changes to federal and state election laws."
With regards to our factual finding, in brief, we find that there were massive and unprecedented voter irregularities and anomalies in Ohio. In many cases these irregularities were caused by intentional misconduct and illegal behavior, much of it involving Secretary of State J. Kenneth Blackwell, the co-chair of the Bush-Cheney campaign in Ohio." 12-05
- -Preserving Democracy: What Went Wrong in Ohio - Summary (Status Report of the House Judiciary Committee Democratic Staff - Conyers)
"We have found numerous, serious election irregularities in the Ohio presidential election, which resulted in a significant disenfranchisement of voters. Cumulatively, these irregularities, which affected hundreds of thousand of votes and voters in Ohio, raise grave doubts regarding whether it can be said the Ohio electors selected on December 13, 2004, were chosen in a manner that conforms to Ohio law, let alone federal requirements and constitutional standards." 12-05
- A Guide to Ohio and New Mexico Recounts (AudittheVote.org)
"After the widespread publicity surrounding irregularities in the 2000 presidential election, there has been a general misconception across the country that the 2004 elections occurred with little trouble. Through early voting, on November 2, and in the weeks since election day, widespread reports of machine malfunction, voter intimidation and suppression, partisan election officials, and vote counting difficulties have made it clear that many votes have gone uncounted or not been counted as cast."
"In a majority of states, particularly in Ohio, New Mexico, Colorado, Maryland, Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina and Indiana, there has been evidence of problems in the election that may have affected the outcome." 4-05
- Non-Partisan Lawsuit to Repair Ohio Elections System (BusinessWire.com)
"Seeking to redress decades-old Constitutional defects in the way Ohio conducts federal elections, the League of Women Voters of Ohio, the League of Women Voters of Toledo-Lucas County, and more than a dozen Ohio citizens today filed a historic, non-partisan lawsuit against the State of Ohio."
"Filed in federal court in Toledo, the complaint chronicles deficiencies over more than three decades, including widespread problems with the voter registration system, the absentee and provisional ballot processes, the training of poll workers, the organization of polling places and precincts, and the allocation of voting machines. The lawsuit seeks to compel the state to uphold its constitutional obligation to provide for the voting-related needs of its citizens in time for the November 2006 general election. The relief sought would require the state to repair the problems at all stages of the electoral process that have disenfranchised and overly burdened Ohio voters and made the ability to vote and be counted vary widely from county to county." 7-05
- -11-14-05 "Impossible" Reversal of Poll Results in Ohio (FreePress.org)
"With the 2005 expansion of paperless touch-screen machines into 41 more Ohio counties, this year's election was more vulnerable than ever to centralized manipulation. The outcomes on Issues 2-5 would indicate just that." 11-05
- Landmark Case - Mapp v. Ohio (LandmarkCases.org)
Provides activities and resources on the issue of search warrants. 01-06
- "Smoking Gun" from Ohio 2004 Election Results (ElectionArchive.org)
"Ohio's electoral votes were pivotal in the 2004 presidential election, where its exit polls predicted a John Kerry win, but official vote counts gave the victory to GW Bush. Precinct level Ohio exit poll data show virtually irrefutable evidence of vote miscount." The conclusion one gains from analyzing the exit poll data is that Kerry actually won the 2004 election. 01-06
- Stewart v. Blackwell Decision on Ohio Voting Machines (USCourts.gov)
The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit REVERSED the decision of United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio at Akron. "The [District] court stated that: 'When coupled with the previously referenced de minimis affects of the punch card ballots, these facts do not allow this Court to conclude that an 'actual' denial of the right to vote on account of race occurs.' "Finally, the court concluded that 'the operation of different voting systems by different counties within the same state does not amount to a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.' ”
"Relying heavily on Justice Souter’s dissenting opinion in Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98, 134 (2000) (Souter, J., dissenting), the district court concluded that states may freely use a variety of different voting technologies without running afoul of the Equal Protection Clause. Further, the court concluded that the defendants have a rational basis for continuing to utilize punch card technology in that it is cost effective and there are security concerns with electronic technology." 04-06
- -07-26-06 Ohio Court Blocks Eminent Domain Project (ABC News)
"The Ohio Supreme Court ruled unanimously on Wednesday that a Cincinnati suburb cannot take private property by eminent domain for a $125 million project of offices, shops and restaurants." 07-06
- -10-27-06 Judge Blocks Ohio ID Law for Absentee Voters (Cleveland.com)
"A federal judge Thursday evening blocked enforcement of new identification requirements for absentee voters, agreeing that the state's voter ID law is vague, confusing and unevenly applied by Ohio election boards since early voting began this month." 10-06
- -10-31-06 Court Keeps Ohio Absentee ID Requirements (ABC News)
"A federal appeals court ruled Tuesday that Ohio can require absentee voters to provide proof of their identification, overturning a lower court's order suspending the new law." 10-06
- -02-27-08 Clinton Versus Obama Debate in Ohio (MSNBC News)
Provides the full video of the debate. 2-08
- -02-27-08 Ohio Primary Hinges on NAFTA (Christian Science Monitor)
"In a state that has lost 225,000 jobs since 2001, voters blame economic woes on free trade and globalization." 2-08
- -02-27-08 A Clash of Styles in Debate in Ohio (Time.com)
"Clinton was clearly intent on positioning herself as a fighter who could take on Republicans in the fall and all enemies, foreign and domestic, after that. Obama by contrast seemed far more interested in establishing himself as a cool conciliator, who could bridge the differences that divide his party and the nation." 2-08
- -02-27-08 Obama's Ohio Grassroots Campaign (Time.com)
"Obama's successful recruitment of outsiders was born of necessity — Clinton enjoys endorsements from Ohio's popular governor and many Democratic officeholders. If she retains her (albeit shrinking) lead in the polls, it will mean that a traditional, top-down campaign rooted in the party establishment still can win in the clutch. But if Obama scores an upset, it could prove that a new breed of grassroots campaign — viral, internet-based, built from the ground up by neophytes like Antoinette McCall — is finally ready for prime time." 02-08
- Evidence of fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election in Ohio (WitnesstoaCrime.com)
"Phillips' long-awaited book, 'Witness to a Crime: A Citizens' Audit of an American Election,' was published by Canterbury Press on April 12."
"Richard Hayes Phillips has been the leading investigator of the fraudulent 2004 presidential election in Ohio. His work was relied upon by John Conyers in challenging the Ohio electors in Congress, by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. in his article for Rolling Stone magazine, and by Algenon L. Marbley in issuing his federal court order protecting the ballots from destruction. Assisted by teams of volunteers equipped with digital cameras, Phillips amassed some 30,000 images of forensic evidence. Then he analyzed it all himself, examining 126,000 ballots, 127 poll books, and 141 voter signature books from 18 counties in Ohio." 05-08
- Ohio (Yahoo)
Provides a list of cities with guides. 11-01
- Ohio Schools on the Net (Yahoo)
Provides schools on the Net by grade level, state, and then city. 11-01
- Ohio Public Library Information Network 2-00
- Columbus Ohio - Columbus Metropolitan Library 5-00
- Ohio (Weber Publications)
Includes a great deal of basic information, such as geography, legislature, flag, motto, bird, flower, motto, nickname, and so forth. Also has a link to the state capital, Columbus. 10-00
- Ohio Community Foundations (Foundation Center)
Includes Akron Community Foundation, Bowling Green Community Foundation, Cleveland Foundation, Columbus Foundation, Community Foundation of Greater Lorain County, Community Foundation of Sidney and Shelby County, Coshocton Foundation, Dayton Foundation, Foundation for Appalachian Ohio, The Greater Cincinnati Foundation, Greater Wayne County Foundation, Inc., Madison County Community Foundation, Middletown Community Foundation, Muskingum County Community Foundation, Parkersburg Area Community Foundation, Sandusky/Erie County Community Foundation, Stark Community Foundation, and Wapakoneta Area Community Foundation. 10-02
- Fantasy Theme Theory (Ohio University - Rose)
"Bormann and many other communication scholars who subscribe to his theory use fantasy theme analysis to show a link between the fantasies people use when they talk to each other and the level of cohesion there is among them."
"Within a group context we are talking about references to the group's past or speculation about their future as well as comments about anything in the world outside of the group. What is excluded here is what is going on in the present within the group, because present events aren't really imaginative; they are what is happening. Fantasies are found in jokes, stories, analogies, metaphors; they are our interpretation of and how we feel about familiar events. What happens when we are all talking, using these fantasies is that we are all brought to the same page because of them. When group energy increases and there is a common emotional response to the imagery used this is a fantasy chain reaction. When a fantasy 'chains out' a fantasy theme runs through the group. Now we are all laughing together, or getting worried together. We are becoming a cohesive group!! Bormann calls this process Symbolic Convergence . It is through this symbolic convergence that a bunch of people are transformed into a group, a community, a family!" 11-04
- Aviation - Wilbur and Orville Wright's Plane Development (PBS.org)
"How is it that two bicycle-shop owners from Dayton, Ohio, managed to do what many others before them had tried but failed to do -- invent the airplane?" 11-03
- 02-05-04 Dean - Wisconsin Test (Bloomberg.com)
"Former Vermont Governor Howard Dean said he may be forced to quit the Democratic presidential nomination race if he doesn't win the Feb. 17 Wisconsin primary."
"Dean said Tuesday his comeback strategy is to continue accumulating delegates to the Democratic National Convention while staying in the race at least through March 2, when voters in California, New York, Ohio and seven other states vote."
"A candidate needs 2,162 delegates to win the party nomination. Based on primary and caucus votes so far, Kerry has 176 delegates, followed by Edwards with 86, Clark with 50 and Dean with 24."
"In addition, there are 802 so-called super delegates, state party leaders, activists and elected officials who are not bound by the results of primaries or caucuses." 1-04
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