Terms: military
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- World War II Decisions (USA Center of Military History)
- Map - Military Expansion in the Near East (OSSHE)
Provides a map of military expansion through the Hittite Empire, Assyria, Babylonia, and Egypt during the Late Bronze Age.
- Military Rank - A History (U.S. Department of Defense - Garamone)
Provides a history of the ranks and insignia of United States military officers. 10-00
- Legal Basis for US Military Action in Afghanistan (Radio Netherlands - Kievit)
Provides international legal statutes that apply to US involvement in Afghanistan. Provides the opinion that the US is entitled to bring terrorist network members, including Ossama bin Laden, to justic for trial. However, Kievit states that the USA may not go further than that legally. For example, he contends that President Bush's statement that bin Ladin is wanted "dead or alive" is not a legally defensible position. 10-01
- Muslim Misgivings About US Military Action in Afghanistan (Radio Netherlands - Kievit)
Provides a Muslim perspective on American actions in the context of the past ten years. Many Muslims believe that the USA has become a supporter for "state terrorism" by Israel against Palestinians. They do not support bin Laden's actions, but they do agree that the USA has had very unfair policies. Editor's Note - Islam does not support the practice of separating "church and state." Therefore, an attack by Israelis against Palestinian Muslims is viewed by Muslims worldwide as an attack against Islam. The USA's support of the Israelis after attacks is therefore seen as support of attacks against Islam. 10-01
- Military Joint Chiefs of Staff of the USA (CNN)
Provides a short biography of the Chief of each of the armed forces, including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, General Richard Meyers.
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects (CNN - Wallace)
President Bush signed a rule allowing the government to provide a military trial for terrorist suspects instead of a civilian trial. 11-01.
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects - For (FindLaw - Dean)
Argues for the use of military tribunals for persons accused of harboring terrorists or involvement with a terrorist organization. Also argues that the procedure should be revised so that the death penalty can only be used with unanimous decisions. 9-01
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects - Against (Time.com)
Discusses concerns by conservatives and liberals that President Bush will compromise American values in the USA and abroad if he uses military tribunals to try suspects of terrorism. "The proceedings, whose exact rules will be set on a case-by-case basis by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, can be secret. They may take place in the U.S. or abroad. Hearsay can be used as evidence. The defendant has neither the absolute right to challenge the evidence against him nor the right to hear it. He may not have access to the lawyer of his choice. Guilt need not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. The verdict need not be unanimous. Executions are allowed. There may not be provision for appeal. Legally, at least, the terrorists have their wish." 11-01
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects - For (USAToday.com - Ingraham)
Defends the secrecy of military tribunals as a way of protecting American securitiy. "Much of the anti-military-tribunal howl centers on the fact that the proceedings are held in secret. However, it is eminently reasonable to think that as we pursue our war against terror, the public prosecution of individuals who are part of a worldwide conspiracy to murder as many Americans as possible would be harmful to a wide variety of U.S. interests. Classified information whose secrecy is critical to future U.S. investigations could be compromised -- such as the identity of double agents, specifics of other terrorist plots and the details of the covert techniques used by our government to prevent them." "Whatever damage military tribunals do to our international reputation, we risk far greater damage to our national psyche if non-citizen terrorists are allowed to exploit our system and our national pain in prolonged and costly courtroom dramas." 11-01
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects - Against (Wall Street Journal - Levy)
Argues against the use of President Bush's type of military tribunals in the current situation. "Astonishingly, the only rule that Mr. Bush's executive order lays out with specificity is that the accused can be convicted and sentenced--to life in prison or death--if two-thirds of the panel agree. Even military courts, under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, require unanimity in capital cases and provide for several stages of appellate review." 11-01
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects - For (Washington Post - Allen)
Provides President Bush's arguments for the use of military tribunals for trying suspected terrorists or those who harbor them. 'It's our national interests, it's our national security interests that we have a military tribunal available. It is in the interests of the safety of potential jurors that we have a military tribunal.' 'As the president, he [Bush] can take into account all the considerations -- from diplomatic to military to law enforcement to intelligence -- about whether this is the proper method of adjudicating justice.' 11-01
- Military Tribunals for Terrorist Suspects - For and Against (PBS News)
Provides an audio of a debate for and against the use of military tribunals for suspected terrorists. Requires RealPlayer software. 11-01
- Military History
- Military Conflicts and Wars
- Report Speculates About Iraq Military Possibilities (CNN News - Goldberg)
Summarizes a report from the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) on possible military capabilities of Iraq. The co-author of the report, Gary Samore, speculates on how long it might take Iraq to acquire nuclear weapons. Samore also speculates that Iraq could have already stockpiled chemical or biological weapons. The author discusses Iraq's ability to attack other countries with weapons of mass destruction.
9-02
- Report Speculates About Iraq Military Possibilities (MSNBC News)
"John Chipman, co-author of a study on Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction program, said the Iraqi leader is trying to build nuclear weapons. He said the Iraqis are developing machines to make nuclear material for weapons, but would need assistance and material from foreign sources to build a nuclear bomb soon."
"Iraq possesses a small force of missiles capable of delivering a nuclear weapon despite international efforts to destroy such weapons, Chipman said." 9-02
- Military Forces - Iraq (CBC News)
Describes the strength of Iraq's current military forces and compares the current forces to past levels of strength. 3-03
- Military Forces - U.S. (CBC News)
"As of March 19 2003, there were approximately 280,000 American and British military personnel in the region surrounding Iraq. It's the largest single ground deployment to the area since the 1991 Gulf War." 3-03
- Quotas - Bush and Military Disagree on Affirmative Action (CNN)
"The Supreme Court is expected to rule any day now in the biggest affirmative action case in a decade. And as CBS News Correspondent Wyatt Andrews reports, President Bush and the U.S. military are weighing in on opposite sides of the issue."
- New Video Spying Technology for the Military (CBS News - Sniffen)
"DARPA described a hypothetical terrorist shooting at a bus stop and a hypothetical bombing at a disco one month apart in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, a city with slightly more residents than Miami."
CTS should be able to track the day's movements for every vehicle that passed each scene in the hour before the attack, DARPA said. Even if there were 2,000 such vehicles and none showed up twice, the software should automatically compare their routes and find vehicles with common starting and stopping points."
"Joseph Onek of the Open Society Institute, a human rights group, said current law that permits the use of cameras in public areas may have to be revised to address the privacy implications of these new technologies."
" 'It's one thing to say that if someone is in the street he knows that at any single moment someone can see him,' Onek said. 'It's another thing to record a whole life so you can see anywhere someone has been in public for 10 years.' " 7-03
- 10-25-03 Wolfowitz Complains About Military Budget (Washington Times)
"Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul D. Wolfowitz accused the House of Representatives yesterday of damaging Iraqi security by cutting in half the Senate-approved $200 million allocation for building Iraqi and Afghan army units. He also complained of a continuing bureaucratic 'logjam' in both the House and the Senate, which he said was stopping any funding being funneled to the Department of Defense, unless it was specifically designated for the two countries' regular armies."
"Lt. Col. George Krivo, the U.S. command spokesman, said attacks on coalition forces have averaged about 26 a day over the past two weeks. About three-quarters of the attacks have occurred in an arc stretching from the west through Baghdad to the region north of the capital."10-03
- Kerry's Military Advantage (CBS News - Kuhn)
"It is John Kerry the veteran who thinks he can win this Democratic race."
"He thinks it was not only the key to his comeback in Iowa, it could well be the key to victory in New Hampshire. Most importantly, he and those stumping for him, think it is the bridge that will bring him to the South." 1-04
- 02-10-04 Bush Military Records to be Released - Attempt to Prove Service (Reuters)
"The White House pledged on Tuesday to release President Bush (news - web sites)'s pay records in an bid to refute charges he shirked his Vietnam War era military duties."
"Those records, however, may not put an end to the controversy. A columnist writing in Tuesday's Washington Post recalled his own Vietnam-era Guard experience and said he was paid despite skipping service for two years." 2-04
- 02-10-04 Bush Military Records to be Released - Rebuttal of "Proof" (Washington Post - Cohen)
"As it happens, there are no records to show that Bush reported for duty during the summer and fall of 1972. Nonetheless, Bush insists he was where he was supposed to be -- 'Otherwise I wouldn't have been honorably discharged,' Bush told Tim Russert. Please, sir, don't make me laugh."
"For two years or so, I played a perfectly legal form of hooky. To show you what a mess the Guard was at the time, I even got paid for all the meetings I missed."
"When Bush attempts to drape the flag of today's Guard over the one he was in so long ago, when he warns his critics to remember that 'there are a lot of really fine people who have served in the National Guard and who are serving in the National Guard today in Iraq,' then he is doing now what he was doing then: hiding behind the ones who were really doing the fighting."
"Bush now wants to drape the Vietnam-era Guard with the bloodied flag of today's Iraq-serving Guard -- 'I wouldn't denigrate service to the Guard,' Bush warned during his interview with Russert -- but the fact remained that back then the Guard was where you went if you did not want to fight. That was the case with me. I opposed the war in Vietnam and had no desire to fight it. Bush, on the other hand, says he supported the war -- as long, it seems, as someone else fought it." 2-04
- Issue - Military and Defense (CNN News)
Provides a chart comparing the views of candidates for president. 1-04
- Draft - What Happens During a Military Draft (About.com)
Describes steps taken to implement a military draft. No draft is underway in the U.S. at present (February, 2004). 2-04
- Military Budget in the United States (National Priorities Project)
"Military spending consumes 26 cents out of every individual income tax dollar. It makes up about 20% of total federal spending and over half of the discretionary budget."
"The United States is the world's biggest military spender, accounting for over 40% of world military spending, and amounting to more than 30 times what the 'rogue' countries spend (Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, Syria). The Pentagon pays for more helicopters, airplanes and warships than all of these countries combined, and the capabilities of U.S. weaponry are unrivaled in the world." 2-04
- Military Records of John Kerry and George W. Bush (Findlaw.com)
Provides copies of military records. 8-04
- Editorial: U.S. Blurred Distinction Between Humanitarian and Military (ElectronicIraq.net - Zaat)
"As the invasion progressed, Margaret and I both became gravely concerned by the blurring of civil-military distinction in Iraq - the involvement of the US and UK military in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and the implications this had for the security of Iraqi communities and aid workers alike. Perhaps this is why she, like so many of us, remained considerably frustrated by the inability of the US and UK Government to provide the security in Iraq that we needed as humanitarians to get the job done."
"Along with our Oxfam colleagues, it was our firm belief that the more humanitarian space was eroded in Iraq, that is, the more the military delivered aid in order to win hearts and minds, the more NGOs were forced to act as instruments of foreign policy, and the closer the humanitarian community naively became to the Occupying Powers in the interests of better coordinating responses to Iraqi need, the greater the risk posed."
"Having wrongly abducted Margaret from the Iraqi battlefield as a prisoner of war, according to The Holy Qur'an (Chapter 47:4), her captors now have two choices - either show generosity and grant her freedom, or take a ransom and release her. These are the only options ordained under Islamic Law. Either way, Margaret must be set free."
Editor's Note: With great sadness we must report that Margaret Hassan, chief executive of CARE Iraq, was killed by her captors. 11-04
- -03-25-05 Military Health Coverage Extended (CNN News)
"Until now, Guard and Reserve members could retain health care coverage under the Defense Department's Tricare system for no more than six months after they left active duty. Under the new arrangement they could retain coverage for at least one year and as long as eight years, depending on the length of their mobilization and the length of their commitment to remain in the Guard or Reserve." 3-05
- F-16 Military Jets (BBC News)
"The F-16 has a fearsome reputation. It is one of the most reliable, manoeuvrable and effective military aircraft in the world."
"Used mainly by the US it is a multi-role fighter with the ability to attack other planes in the air, and seek out and destroy targets on the ground."
"In recorded dogfights with other aircraft it has defeated its opponents 70 times without a single loss." 3-05
- -03-25-05 U.S. Decides to Sell F-16 Military Jets to Pakistan (BBC News)
"The US government has approved the sale of F-16 fighter jets to Pakistan, Bush administration officials say." 3-05
- -05-14-05 Plan to Reduce U.S. Military Bases (CBS News)
"Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld is proposing to close and shrink hundreds of bases to create a leaner, more cost-effective force. If accepted, the plan would alter the domestic military landscape and greatly affect the four services branches and communities that are home to the installations." 5-05
- World Military Spending Tops $1 Trillion (USA Today)
"Global military spending in 2004 broke the $1 trillion barrier for the first time since the Cold War, boosted by the U.S. war against terror and the growing defense budgets of India and China, a European think tank said Tuesday."
"Led by the United States, which accounted for almost half of all military expenditure, the world spent $1.035 trillion on defense, equal to 2.6% of global gross domestic product, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute said." 6-05
- Military Collecting Data on High School Students (ABC News)
"Working with the private marketing firm BeNow, Inc. of Wakefield, Mass., the Pentagon has created a huge database of millions of high school students, aged 16 to 18."
"But privacy advocates say it violates a federal law that restricts the government's ability to gather personal information. They say they understand the military's need to recruit but this type of information-gathering goes too far."
"A growing number of parents were already upset about the military's recruiting techniques. A little-known provision in the 2002 'No Child Left Behind' education law requires every public school to provide the military with the names, addresses and phone numbers of students."
"Last month, Louise Wannier went to her daughter's high school to submit an opt-out letter, which prohibits recruiters from accessing personal information."
"She learned today about the new database, which may have much more information on her daughter than she'd ever imagined." 6-05
- 08-13-05 Bush Raises Possibility of Military Action Against Iran (BBC News)
"President George W. Bush yesterday raised the possibility of a U.S. military response to Iran's decision to restart its nuclear energy program."
" 'We've used force in the recent past to secure our country,' Bush added, when asked to elaborate."
"Western countries including the U.S., France and Germany, say they are worried the Islamic state will secretly develop nuclear weapons. Iran is the second-largest oil producer in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries." 8-05
- -09-25-05 Military to Bush: Make a Plan (CBS News)
"Military officials told President Bush on Sunday that the U.S. needs a national plan to coordinate search and rescue efforts following natural disasters or terrorist attacks."
"CBS’s Mark Knoller reports that the generals issued blunt talk to the president. One called the federal response in New Orleans to Hurricane Katrina 'a train wreck.' He was talking about an incident in which five helicopters responded to rescue one person." 9-05
- -09-27-05 Bush Considering Military for Leadership in Domestic Disasters (BBC News)
"President George W Bush is mulling plans to give the Pentagon direct legal responsibility for dealing with 'catastrophic' situations, according to his press secretary."
"That would require new legislation and would effectively sideline the four-year-old Department of Homeland Security." 9-05
- -10-05-05 Bush: Use Military for Enforcement If Bird Flu Attacks (CNN News)
"A call by President George W. Bush for Congress to give him the power to use the military in law enforcement roles in the event of a bird flu pandemic has been criticized as akin to introducing martial law." 9-05
- -11-28-05 Military Help with Humanitarian Aid (Guardian Unlimited)
"We need to examine new ways, possibly an efficient system of standby agreements, to work with responsible armed forces in emergencies like the earthquake in Kashmir. That would give us a far better chance of providing an effective joint response from day one." 11-05
- -12-01-05 L.A. Times: Military Planting Stories in Iraqi Newspapers (MSN News)
"Details about the program were first reported by the Los Angeles Times on Wednesday. It marked the second time this year that Pentagon programs have come under scrutiny for reported payments made to journalists for favorable press."
"Two other federal agencies have been investigated in the past year for similar activities, leading Congress’ Government Accountability Office to condemn one, the Education Department, for engaging in illegal covert propaganda." 11-05
- -12-14-05 NBC: Military Spying on U.S. Citizens - Unjustifiably (CNN News)
"The public was outraged [from a report on the military spying on citizens in 1970] and a lengthy congressional investigation followed that revealed that the military had conducted investigations on at least 100,000 American citizens. Pyle got more than 100 military agents to testify that they had been ordered to spy on U.S. citizens — many of them anti-war protestors and civil rights advocates. In the wake of the investigations, Pyle helped Congress write a law placing new limits on military spying inside the U.S."
"But Pyle, now a professor at Mt. Holyoke College in Massachusetts, says some of the information in the [current military] database suggests the military may be dangerously close to repeating its past mistakes."
" 'The documents tell me that military intelligence is back conducting investigations and maintaining records on civilian political activity. The military made promises that it would not do this again,' he says." 12-05
- McCain: Military Action an Option in Iran (CNN News)
"Republican and Democratic U.S. lawmakers said Sunday there must be major immediate diplomatic action on Iran's nuclear activities, and that the option of military action cannot be taken off the table." 01-06
- -05-13-06 Military to Test Synthetic Fuel (New York Times)
"In a series of tests — first on engines mounted on blocks and then with B-52's in flight — the Air Force will try to prove that the American military can fly its aircraft by blending traditional crude-oil-based jet fuel with a synthetic liquid made first from natural gas and, eventually, from coal, which is plentiful and cheaper." 05-06
- -06-01-06 Karzai Blasts U.S. Military for Using Gunfire to Suppress Protesters (MSNBC News)
"President Hamid Karzai Thursday denounced the use of gunfire by U.S. troops to suppress Afghans angered by a traffic accident involving a military truck that sparked the worst riots in the capital since the fall of the Taliban." 06-06
- -06-17-06 Military Experts: U.S. Using Wrong Tactics (ChicagoTribune.com)
"In confronting a frustratingly resilient insurgency, the U.S. is relying heavily on precision bombing, which destroys buildings and can kill civilians, generating ill will. Tactics used in house clearings have led to incidents such as an alleged massacre by Marines in the town of Haditha."
"Despite his recent high-profile Camp David, Md., summit with his war Cabinet and select outside experts, there is little evidence that President Bush has made any changes to his strategy for Iraq." 06-06
- -07-07-06 Military Commander Promises Iraqis Full Investigation (MSNBC News)
"America’s two top officials in Iraq on Thursday sought to calm Iraqi anger over allegations that U.S. soldiers were involved in the rape-murder of a girl, promising an open investigation and calling such acts 'absolutely inexcusable and unacceptable.' " 07-06
- 09-18-06 U.S. Military Imprisons Associated Press Photographer Without Charges (CBS News)
"The U.S. military in Iraq has imprisoned an Associated Press photographer for five months, accusing him of being a security threat but never filing charges or permitting a public hearing."
" 'We want the rule of law to prevail. He either needs to be charged or released. Indefinite detention is not acceptable,' said Tom Curley, AP's president and chief executive officer. 'We've come to the conclusion that this is unacceptable under Iraqi law, or Geneva Conventions, or any military procedure.' "
"One of Hussein's photos was part of a package of 20 photographs that won a Pulitzer Prize for breaking news photography last year. His contribution was an image of four insurgents in Fallujah firing a mortar and small arms during the U.S.-led offensive in the city in November 2004." 09-06
- -10-31-06 Military Increases Spending to Improve Public's Opinion About the War (CNN News)
"The Pentagon has begun a new "rapid response" operation to quickly respond to news media stories critical of Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and the war in Iraq, as well as other stories the Defense Department leadership doesn't like." 10-06
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[Dr. Jerry Adams at jadams@awesomelibrary.org.]
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