Terms: israel
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1. Map of Areas of Israeli and Palestinian Control (CNN)
   Provides a map that shows where Palestinians have control and where Israelis have control. Includes Ramallah. 10-00

2. History of Jerusalem - Israeli View (The State of Israel)
   Provides a short modern history of Jerusalem, from an Israeli point of view. 10-00

3. United Nations Documents on the Conflict Between Israel and the Palestinians (UNISPAL - UN Information System on the Question of Palestine)
   Provides all key documents that have been made available to the United Nations regarding Palestinians and their relationship to the Israelis. Starts before 1945 and provides almost daily updates. Documents are typically written by official observers for each side of the question and attempt to present facts, what has recently happened, before asking for the UN to respond. 8-01

4. History of the Middle East Conflict Between Israelis and Palestinians (Independent - Wasserstein)
   "Bernard Wasserstein explains the complex chain of events that have led to today's blood feud." "But if the prospects for peacemaking seem tenuous, the probable consequences of continued warfare are grim. Against this background, the last superpower may at last be ready to use real muscle to call a halt to the conflict between the sons of Abraham." 4-02

5. Essay - Israel Has Also Crossed a Line (Guardian Unlimited)
   Argues that, although Israel has a right to defend itself against terrorists, the way it is treating the Palestinian people (while chasing terrorists) is not justified. "In fighting terrorists in this way, Israel has crossed a line no democratic government should cross." 4-02

6. History of the Middle East Regarding Israel (Guardian Unlimited - Brown)
   Provides a timeline, starting in 1881, describing the events leading up to the formation of Israel. Also describes the conflicts between Israelis and other Middle East countries. 4-02

7. Israel

8. -Middle East Conflict - Israeli View (Jerusaleum Post)
   Provides news from an Israeli perspective.

9. Israeli Camp David II Proposals for Final Settlement (Mideast Web)
   "These were modified in various ways by U.S. bridging poposals. The details of the proposals are still secret at this time. Israel claims that they were far reaching and generous. The Palestinians have been claiming that the proposals would have perpetuated the precise situation of the interim agreements, in which the West Bank is divided into numerous small areas of Palestinian sovereignty interspersed with a much larger area of Israeli sovereignty." 4-02

10. Essay - Israelis Keep Palestinians from Essential Medical Aid (BBC News - Westcott)
    Reports complaints by humanitarian and medical workers that Israeli soldiers have prevented Palestinians from gaining life-saving medical attention. According to international law (the Geneva Conventions), such actions by soldiers are war crimes. 4-02

11. USA Reassesses Weapons for Israel (Bloomberg.com - Ziegler)
    "The State Department is evaluating whether Israel's attack, which killed at least nine children along with its target, a Hamas mastermind of violence against Israelis, violated laws that ban the sale of weapons for anything other than self-defense or internal security." 7-02

12. Thousands of Palestinians Defy Israeli Curfew (Guardian Unlimited)
    " 'People who can't find food and need medicine and treatment should break the doors of their jail,' Aloul said in an interview with The Associated Press."
    
    "Shops, banks and offices opened to accommodate the curfew breakers, who filled the streets of Nablus. 'I've been confined to my home for more than a month. I have eight children, we've eaten all we have,' said Tamer Adnan, working at his felafel stand. 'I'm just fighting to get food for my kids.' '' 7-02

13. Hostilities Continue Between Israelis and Palestinians (Guardian Unlimited)
    "There have been no suicide bombings in Israel since Aug. 4." However, Palestinians continue to attack Israelis and Israelis continue to attack Palestinians. Haim Ramon, a lawmaker from the Jewish Labor party said "the killing of innocent [Palestinian] people threatens Israeli security because it `'damages our international standing'' and `'brings into the cycle of terrorism more people who did not previously intend to join it.' '' 9-02

14. Israelis Attack Militants Among Civilians (Independent)
    Israeli soldiers attacked Palestinians towns, leaving 12 dead.
    
    "Palestinian Cabinet Minister Saeb Erekat denounced the Israeli raid as a massacre. 'Every time we witness efforts to revive the peace process and put it back on track, like those being exerted now by Mr Solana, the Israeli government moves to conduct such war crimes and murder innocent civilians because the end game of the Israeli government is to resume full occupation of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank,' Mr Erekat said."
    
    "Raanan Gissin, an adviser to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, said Palestinian militants were to blame for the high death toll. 'We try to keep civilian casualties to a minimum, but we can't say that because there are civilians there, we will not take action against the terrorists,' he said." 10-02

15. Israeli Soldier Kills U.N. Worker (Independent)
    "An investigation by the Israeli army found that when Mr Hook emerged from a caravan into the open courtyard of the UN compound, an Israeli soldier mistook the mobile phone he was carrying for a grenade and opened fire on him, the radio reported."
    
    "It is not clear why the soldier opened fire into a compound clearly marked with UN signs and a blue flag. 'The compound is well-known to Israelis. It is inexcusable to fire into it for any reason,' a UN source said yesterday.' ""The Israeli army was already coming under heavy international criticism over Mr Hook's death after the UN revealed that Israeli soldiers had blocked an ambulance from getting to the relief worker after he was shot, considerably delaying its arrival." 11-02

16. 11-24-02 U.N. Rejects Israeli Account of British Official's Killing (Independent - Silver)
    "The United Nations dismissed as 'not credible' yesterday an Israeli army claim that Palestinian gunmen fired from inside a UN compound in the West Bank city of Jenin on Friday before its soldiers shot dead Iain Hook, a 52-year-old British relief worker." 11-02

17. 02-02-03 Israeli Crew Member Carried Student Experiment (Washington Post - Anderson and Moore)
    "The experiment that the [Israeli] students had designed for the mission focused on the growth of crystals in zero gravity. It was one of six experiments selected by NASA from high schools around the world to include on the 16-day journey as a way to boost interest in space travel and the development of science and technology."
    
    "The experiment had even greater significance here because one of the seven astronauts aboard Columbia who worked on it was Ramon, Israel's first space traveler." 2-03

18. 02-09-03 Israeli Prime Minister Issues Stark Warning (BBC News)
    "Ariel Sharon says the new Israeli Government that he has been asked to form will end "Palestinian terrorism" and remove its 'leader,' Yasser Arafat." 2-03

19. 05-25-03 Israeli's Approve Peace Plan (CBS News)
    "Israel's Cabinet narrowly approved a U.S.-backed Middle East peace plan Sunday, accepting, for the first time, a timetable for the creation of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, but also objecting to significant portions of the plan."
    
    "The Palestinians last month accepted the three-phase "road map" to peace, which envisions a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip by 2005." 5-03

20. 06-04-03 Israeli and Palestinian Leaders Pledge Peace (Bloomberg.com)
    "The Israeli and Palestinian prime ministers pledged Wednesday to follow a U.S.-backed 'road map' to peace in the Middle East at a landmark summit that capped a two-day visit to the region by President Bush. The president, who promised to make the peace plan his 'highest priority,' won an Israeli pledge to begin to uproot some settlement outposts in the West Bank and a Palestinian call for an end to the armed struggle for a state." 6-03

21. 06-11-03 Israelis Attempt to Kill Hamas Leader (Sky.com)
    "US President George Bush has condemned the latest Israeli helicopter attacks in Gaza City."
    
    Israel admitted it launched a failed attempt to kill Hamas leader Abdul Aziz al-Rantissi in Gaza City, though two people were killed and more than 25 others wounded in the attack." 6-03

22. 06-30-03 Israelis Withdraw from Gaza (Fox News)
    "Road traffic flowed smoothly through the Gaza Strip for the first time in nearly three years Monday, as bulldozers dismantled Israeli checkpoints put up after the current Palestinian uprising began in Sept. 2000." 6-03

23. 09-17-03 U.S. Refuses to Protect Arafat from Israelis (BBC)
    "Arab diplomats have condemned Washington's decision to veto a UN Security Council draft resolution denouncing Israel's policy of 'removing' Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat."
    
    "The recriminations follow a harsh debate at the UN during which more than 40 governments condemned the Israeli position [to remove Arafat]." 9-03

24. 10-03-03 Israelis Report Capturing Top Islamic Jihad Leader (Voice of America News)
    "Israeli forces report they have captured the top leader of the Islamic Jihad in the West Bank. The group, which organizes terrorist operations, has vowed to retaliate with more attacks." 9-03

25. 10-19-03 Palestinians Now Support Attacks Against Israelis (Gulf-News.com)
    "Seventy-five per cent of Palestinians support the suicide bombing of an Israeli restaurant two weeks ago in which 21 people died, a survey showed yesterday."
    
    "The survey by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, which questioned 1,318 respondents in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, also showed that 85 per cent of Palestinians support a 'mutual cessation of violence by both sides'." 10-03

26. 10-21-03 Fence or Wall - U.N. Orders Israel to Stop Construction (CBS News)
    "The U.N. General Assembly overwhelmingly approved a resolution demanding that Israel halt construction of a barrier jutting deep into the West Bank and dismantle the section already built."
    
    The vote late Tuesday was 144 in favor, 4 opposed and 12 abstentions."
    
    "In late September, the UN issued a report which condemned the barrier as illegal and tantamount to 'an unlawful act of annexation.' "
    
    "The United States, which vetoed a Security Council resolution last week that would have declared the barrier illegal, voted against the General Assembly resolution." 10-03

27. 10-21-03 Fence or Wall - Israel Rejects U.N. Order (International Herald Tribune)
    "Israel said Wednesday that it would not stop building a security barrier in the West Bank despite a United Nations resolution demanding that the fence be torn down." 10-03

28. 10-30-03 Israeli Army Chief Criticizes Sharon (Christian Science Monitor - Barr)
    "The chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces has added his voice to those criticizing Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's hard-line policies for dealing with the Palestinians."
    
     "Lt. Gen. Moshe Yaalon, in remarks published this week that were initially attributed to 'IDF officials' but later revealed as having been spoken by him, said that 'in our tactical decisions, we are operating contrary to our strategic interest.' "
    
    "Heller, principal research associate at the Jaffee Institute for Strategic Studies in Tel Aviv, says that Yaalon's comment about tactics undermining strategy makes sense if the strategy is to bring about a return to negotiations toward a two-state solution."
    
    "But, he continues 'if the strategy is to compel the Palestinians to sign on to a political deal which is acceptable to people who control the [Israeli] government now then [current tactics are] not necessarily counterproductive.' " 10-03

29. 10-30-03 Israeli Army Chief Criticizes Sharon (Guardian Unlimited - McGreal)
    "Israel's army chief has exposed deep divisions between the military and Ariel Sharon by branding the government's hardline treatment of Palestinian civilians counter-productive and saying that the policy intensifies hatred and strengthens the "terror organisations".
    
     "The statements - which a close associate characterised to the Israeli press as warning that the country was 'on the verge of a catastrophe' - will also reinforce a growing perception among the public that Mr Sharon is unable to deliver the peace with security he promised when he came to office nearly three years ago."
    
    "Gen Ya'alon also waded into one of the most contentious issues of the day by saying the army had recommended a less controversial route for the steel and concrete "security fence" through the West Bank."
    
    "He said the military had warned that the fence, which digs deep into Palestinian territory, caging some towns and villages and cutting farmers off from their land, will make the lives of some Palestinians "unbearable" and require too many soldiers to guard it." 10-03

30. 11-28-03 Annan Asks Israel to Remove Wall (CNN News)
    "Israel's construction of a security barrier thwarts the peace process in the Middle East, U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan said Friday, and the expansion of the barricade should stop and be reversed." 11-03

31. 12-22-03 Israeli Elite Commandos Refuse to Serve (IndianExpress.com - Moore)
    "Thirteen reservists from Israel’s elite military commando unit stated on Sunday in a letter to the PM that they would no longer serve in the occupied territories, joining other influential security officials who have criticised Israeli military tactics and treatment of the Palestinians." 12-03

32. 12-26-03 Hamas Calls Off Attacks Inside Israel (Guardian Unlimited - Nessman)
    "Hamas, the Islamic group responsible for most suicide bombings during three years of violence, has called off attacks inside Israel, and a full ceasefire could come in a matter of weeks, Israel's military chief said in comments published Friday." 12-03

33. 01-29-04 Prisoner Exchange Between Israel and Hezbollah Completed (Fox News)
    "Lebanese prisoners released by Israel returned home Thursday to a hero's welcome by tens of thousands of flag-waving people, from Hezbollah guerrilla comrades to veiled women who showered them in rice and rose petals."
    
     "Israel also freed about 400 Palestinians to the West Bank and Gaza Strip as part of the German-brokered deal with Hezbollah. Delighted relatives greeted the Palestinians and expressed thanks to the Lebanese militant group."
    
    "In return, Israel received the bodies of three of its soldiers and won the release of a kidnapped Israeli businessman. Israelis held a memorial service for the three dead, but whisked away Elhanan Tannenbaum (search), who was kidnapped while reportedly engaged in a shady business deal, for interrogation." 1-04

34. 02-02-04 Israel Plans to Remove Jewish Communities from Gaza (CNN News)
    "Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon told an Israeli newspaper Monday that he has ordered plans to be made to dismantle Israeli settlements in Gaza." 1-04

35. 02-09-04 Israeli High Court Hears Petitions on Barrier (MSNBC News)
    "The Supreme Court heard petitions from two Israeli human rights groups against the West Bank separation barrier Monday, a day after the government said it would change the route to minimize hardship for Palestinians."
    
    "Any Israeli court decision could affect Israel’s case before the world court, which is to issue an advisory ruling at the request of the U.N. General Assembly."
    
    "Israel insists the barrier is necessary to keep out Palestinian suicide bombers, who have killed hundreds in three years of violence. Palestinians say it is a land grab aimed at preventing them from creating a state." 2-04

36. Israeli View of the Wall (PBS NewsHour - Farnsworth)
    Farnsworth: "The government of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon says it is constructing a barrier between Israel and the West Bank to prevent attacks like last month's suicide bombing in Jerusalem."
    
    Beer: "People see what terrorism can do. They don't want the options for terrorists to come here, and that's why the people of Israel want the wall. They want to prevent the children to die in these bombings." 2-04

37. 03-23-04 Palestinian Leader of Hamas Assassinated by Israeli Army (BBC News)
    "Sheikh Yassin was leaving a mosque in Gaza's Sabra district in his wheelchair with an entourage when they were attacked by Israeli helicopter gunships at dawn on Monday."
    
    "Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon congratulated the Israeli security forces for conducting a successful operation and vowed to continue Israel's policy of targeting militant leaders.”
    
    "UN Secretary General Kofi Annan condemned the attack, saying it was against international law and did nothing to further the Middle East peace process."
    
    "There has been widespread international condemnation of the assassination of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, the founder of the militant group Hamas." 3-04

38. 05-16-04 Israelis Rally for Pullout from Gaza (CBS News)
    "More than 100,000 Israelis rallied Saturday night in favor of a pullout from the Gaza Strip in a massive show of strength by the long dormant opposition movement." 5-04

39. 05-17-04 Top israeli Killed (Washington Times)
    "Suicide bombers assassinated Iraq's top political leader yesterday at an entrance to the Green Zone, the latest in a series of strikes as the June 30 transfer of power to an Iraqi government approaches." 5-04

40. 07-25-04 Israelis Exhibit Disturbing (CNN News)
    "A photographic exhibit called 'Breaking the Silence' has struck a nerve in Israel where critics say the images cast Israel in a poor light."
    
    "The exhibit is being widely reported and debated among Israelis. Many are asking if these are the actions of a few, or the daily reality of a soldier's life." 7-04

41. 08-16-04 israelis Try to Stop Hunger Strike (CBS News)
    "Israeli prison officials are considering psychological means, including jailhouse cookouts, to break up a hunger strike declared by hundreds of Palestinian prisoners, a spokesman said Monday." 8-04

42. -10-07-04 Israel May Be Against Two State Solution (HaaretzDaily.com)
    "The United States on Wednesday evening asked Israel to clarify statements made by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's senior advisor, Dov Weisglass, in an interview with Haaretz, according to which the disengagement plan means a 'freezing of the peace process,' Israel Radio reported."
    
    " 'And when you freeze that process,' Weisglass added, 'you prevent the establishment of a Palestinian state, and you prevent a discussion on the refugees, the borders and Jerusalem.' " 10-04

43. -02-22-05 Israel Approves Withdrawal of Settlements from Gaza (Roswell-Record.com)
    "Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s Cabinet began charting Israel’s future borders in a historic session Sunday, giving final approval to a withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and a revised route for the West Bank separation barrier that would move Israel’s border closer to that of its original frontier."
    
    "With the vote, an Israeli government agreed for the first time since capturing the West Bank and Gaza in the 1967 Mideast war to dismantle some of the dozens of Jewish settlements it has built there." 02-05

44. -02-22-05 Israel Releases 500 Prisoners (MSNBC News)
    "Israel freed 500 Palestinian prisoners in a good-will gesture Monday, a day after the government gave final approval to a pullout from Gaza and a revised route of the West Bank separation barrier that would encompass at least 6 percent of land claimed by the Palestinians for a future state." 02-05

45. -06-18-05 Rice Seeks to Ease Israeli Fears on Pullout from Gaza (ABC News)
    "Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice will seek on Sunday to ease Israel's fears that militants might take advantage of its planned August pullout of Gaza to launch attacks from the coastal territory." 6-05

46. -08-14-05 Israel Begins Withdrawing from Gaza (CBS News)
    "Israeli and Palestinian troops took up positions Sunday to launch Israel's historic withdrawal from the Gaza Strip after months of political wrangling and mass protests — a move that will redraw borders and reshape prospects for Mideast peace." 8-05

47. Israeli Pullout Swift (CBS News)
    "Jewish settlers sobbed and screamed, some of them ripping their shirts in mourning, as Israeli troops dragged them from homes and synagogues Wednesday, the beginning of the end of Israel's 38-year occupation of the Gaza Strip." 8-05

48. Editorial: The Israeli-Palestinian Public Relations War in Washington DC (ABC News)
    "Rated among the top lobbying groups in the United States by Fortune magazine — next only to the National Rifle Association, AARP and the National Federation of Independent Business — AIPAC [American Israeli Public Affairs Committee] is widely believed to have Uncle Sam's ears and a fair influence on his pocketbook."
    
    "As one of the leading spokesmen for the Palestinian cause in the United States, Ibish says the Middle East publicity war in America is being waged on uneven turf."
    
    " 'There's an incredible asymmetry between pro-Israeli and pro-Palestinian groups [lobbying in Washington] and people understand that one group has political power and the other doesn't,' says Ibish." 8-05

49. -09-11-05 Historic Occasion - Israelis Complete Gaza Withdrawal (MSNBC News)
    "Thousands of triumphant Palestinians poured into abandoned Jewish settlements early Monday, setting empty synagogues on fire and shooting in the air, as the last Israeli soldier left the Gaza Strip, completing Israel’s pullout after 38 years of occupation." 9-05

50. -09-25-05 Israelis Launch "Crushing" Retaliation (MSNBC News)
    "Israel launched a "crushing" retaliation Saturday against Hamas in Gaza with deadly airstrikes, troops massed at the border and a planned ground incursion after militants fired 35 rockets at Israeli towns — their first major attack since the Gaza pullout."
    
    "Israeli Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz told security chiefs in a meeting that "the ground of Gaza should shake" and that he wanted to exact a high price from Palestinians everywhere, not just Hamas."
    
    "Security officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to publicize details of the plan, said the operation would stop only if the Palestinian Authority asserted control over Gaza or Hamas declared an end to rocket attacks."
    
    "Israel also sealed the West Bank and Gaza, barring thousands of Palestinians from reaching jobs in the Jewish state." 9-05