Terms: earthquakes
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Categories

• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > Tsunamis
• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > 2004
• Social Studies > Current Events Archives > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > Tsunamis
• Social Studies > Current Events Archives > Environment > Earthquakes 2005
• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > Earthquakes 2005
• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > Earthquakes 2009
• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > Earthquakes 2010
• Science > Earth Sciences > Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics > Earthquakes 2011

Specific Results

1. Earthquakes (CAG Enterprises)
   Provides information on earthquakes globally.

2. Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes (Wheeling Jesuit University)
   Provides a graphic of the world, including convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries.

3. Earthquakes and Volcanoes (University of California - Coe and Merrick)
   Provides a lesson to study earthquakes and volcanoes. 3-01

4. Severity of Earthquakes - Scales (InfoPlease.com)
   "The severity of an earthquake can be expressed in terms of both intensity and magnitude. The two terms are quite different, however, and they are often confused. Intensity is based on the observed effects of ground shaking on people, buildings, and natural features. It varies from place to place within the disturbed region depending on the location of the observer with respect to the earthquake epicenter. Magnitude is related to the amount of seismic energy released at the hypocenter of the earthquake. It is based on the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded on instruments, which have a common calibration. Magnitude is thus represented by a single, instrumentally determined value."
   
   "The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes."

5. Facts About Earthquakes (InfoPlease.com)
   Provides information on the strongest earthquakes.

6. How Earthquakes Happen (BBC News)
   Provides an animation showing how earthquakes happen. 2-05

7. -Measuring Earthquakes (CNN News)
   Explains how the strength of earthquakes is measured. 02-10

8. The Ten Deadliest Earthquakes (Time.com)
   "The deadliest quake of all time might be one of the least talked about, considering it occurred nearly 450 years ago. Centered in China's central Shaanxi province, the 1556 quake claimed the lives of some 830,000 people." 03-10

9. Largest Earthquakes Since 1900 (CNN News)
   Provides locations. 03-11

10. Earthquakes: San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 (PBS.org)
    "Through this lesson, the student will come to understand the significance of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake through the study of primary documents. The student will also apply his/her research skills to the study of primary documents from various other key historical events." 04-06

11. Plate Tectonics - Himalayan Mountains (USGS)
    Provides a history of the collision of the plate carrying India with Asia, forming the Himalayan Mountains.

12. -Plate Tectonics (USGS)
    Provides a comprehensive description of plate movement, including examples. 2-05

13. Science Projects (The Tech Museum)
    Provides interactive projects in science in topics such as robotics, lasers, earthquakes, space exploration, and DNA. 12-02

14. Plate Tectonics (ThinkQuest)
    Provides well organized and indepth information on plate tectonics.

15. Plate Tectonics - The Theory (U.S. Geological Survey)
    Provides graphics and explanations. Rather comprehensive. 1-00

16. Plate Tectonics - Animated Geological History (Berkeley)
    Displays how plates looked in the past. 1-00

17. Plate Tectonics - History of the Theory (Berkeley)
    Provides a detailed history. 1-00

18. Plate Tectonics - History of the Theory, Alfred Wegener (Berkeley)
    Provides a biography of the man who is credited greatly for the theory of plate tectonics, as well as a history of the development of the theory. 1-00

19. Plate Tectonics - The Mechanism (Berkeley)
    Describes how plate tectonics operate and includes diagrams. 1-00

20. Plate Movement Model (U.S. Geological Survey - Lahr)
    Provides instructions on building a model to show the movement of tectonic plates. 3-01

21. Plate Tectonics Resources (Harris)
    Provides 20 sources of information. 3-01

22. Disasters - How to Prepare for a Natural Disaster (Epicenter)
    Describes how to plan for a disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

23. Disasters - How to Keep Your Family Safe (American Red Cross)
    Describes how to plan for disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, or tornadoes.

24. Ten Deadliest Quakes Since 1900 (Bloomberg.com)
    "Today's earthquake in southern Iran that killed as many as 20,000 people is the deadliest since 2001, when more than 20,000 were killed in India." Lists "the most-deadly earthquakes worldwide since 1900, according to the U.S. Geological Survey." 12-03

25. Disaster Preparation

26. -12-31-04 Tsunami - Race to Save Millions (MSNBC News)
    "The world pumped aid into south Asia’s tsunami zone on Friday in a frantic race to save millions of survivors from dehydration and disease, and stop a terrifying death count climbing further."
    
    "As relief efforts brought a glimmer of hope, the toll from the 9.0-magnitude earthquake and the tsunami it spawned rose to more than 120,000 on Friday, including about 80,000 deaths in Indonesia, though Health Minister Siti Fadillah Supadi said the toll there could hit 100,000." 12-04

27. Tsunami Disaster - Where to Donate (CNN News)
    "International aid organizations are accepting donations to help victims of the powerful earthquake and resulting tsunamis that caused widespread destruction in parts of South Asia and East Africa." 12-04

28. -12-31-04 Companies Donate for Relief (CNN News)
    "Corporations reached out to help the victims of Sunday's earthquake-triggered tsunamis in southern Asia." 12-04

29. Donating for Relief (United with South East Asia)
    Summarizes the amount of donations by country and also provides opportunities to donate. Provides the number of deaths by country. 12-04

30. Japan Makes Largest Tsunami Donation (Bloomberg.com)
    "Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi pledged $500 million to international tsunami relief and reconstruction work, becoming the biggest donor nation." 01-05

31. Map of Location of Epicenter of Tsunami (Guardian Unlimited)
    Provides a map showing where the underwater earthquake occured that caused the giant tsunami of December 26, 2004. 01-05

32. Pictures of Damage from Tsunami by Country (Guardian Unlimited)
    Provides pictures of the damage caused by the December 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean. 01-05

33. Editorial: Pledged Amounts for Donations Rarely Accurate (Guardian Unlimited)
    "The United Nations yesterday warned that huge promises of aid from rich countries to the Asia tsunami crisis might not be fulfilled as some countries use dubious methods to appear more generous than they really are." 01-05

34. Woman Running to Save Her Children Lives (Guardian Unlimited)
    "It has become one of the defining images of the tsunami disaster: a woman in a bikini running towards the giant wave trying to save her children who had been playing in the surf."
    
    "When the photograph appeared in newspapers across the world last week most people assumed the family had perished moments later." 01-05

35. Persons of the Week: Tsunami Volunteers (ABC News)
    "After devastating tsunamis pounded South Asia, destroying property and killing hundreds of thousands of people, Charlie Higgins — like so many others — responded unselfishly to calls for help." 01-05

36. -01-12-05 Tsunami Warning System Expected in a Year (BBC News)
    "A tsunami early warning system for the Indian Ocean could be up and running by the middle of next year, Unesco head Koichiro Matsuura has said." 01-05

37. Members of Ancient Tribes Escaped (CBS News)
    "The last few dozen remaining members of an ancient indigenous tribe in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands said they raced up a mountain to escape a devastating tsunami — and avoid extinction."
    
    "And contrary to speculation by some anthropologists, she said the Great Andamanese did not sense the impending arrival of the tsunamis."
    
    "Anthropologists believe five tribes of the southern Indian archipelago — including the Jarawas, Shompens, Onges and Sentinelese — date back 70,000 years.1-05

38. Sea Gypsies Rebuild (CBS News)
    "Thailand's Moken tribe — a small community of fishermen whose elders ordered a hilltop evacuation just before the tsunami hit — is rebuilding on a nearby beach. The Moken believe their old home is cursed because they mistakenly left behind a handicapped boy."
    
    "The boy was the only tribe member to die in the waves, which killed more than 157,000 across southern Asia and 5,300 in Thailand." 1-05

39. Ancient Tribes May Have Known (CBS News)
    "Members of the ancient Jarawa tribe emerged from their forest habitat Thursday for the first time since the Dec. 26 tsunami and earthquakes that rocked the isolated Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and in a rare interaction with outsiders announced that all 250 of their fellow tribespeople had survived."
    
    "According to varying estimates, there are only 400 to 1,000 members alive today from the Jarawas, Great Andamanese, Onges, Sentinelese and Shompens. Some anthropological DNA studies indicate the generations may have spanned back 70,000 years. They originated in Africa and migrated to India through Indonesia, anthropologists say."
    
    "Government officials and anthropologists believe that ancient knowledge of the movement of wind, sea and birds may have saved the indigenous tribes from the tsunami." 1-05

40. Tsunami Facts (Wikipedia.org)
    "The term [tsunami] was created by fishermen who returned to port to find the area surrounding the harbour devastated, although they had not been aware of any wave in the open water. A tsunami is not a sub-surface event in the deep ocean; it simply has a much smaller amplitude (wave heights) offshore, and a very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometers long), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a passing 'hump' in the ocean."
    
    Includes descriptions of some of the largest tsunamis of the past, such as the one caused by the Krakatoa explosion in 1883.
    
    "At some time between 1650 BC and 1600 BC (still debated), the volcanic Greek island Santorini erupted, causing a 100 m to 150 m high tsunami that devastated the north coast of Crete, 70 km (45 miles) away, and would certainly have eliminated every timber of the Minoan fleet along Crete's northern shore. Santorini is regarded as the most likely source for Plato's literary parable of Atlantis, and is believed by some scientists to have informed Great Flood accounts which were eventually recorded in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic texts."
    
    "The magnitude 9.0 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake triggered a series of lethal tsunamis on December 26, 2004 that killed roughly 165,000 people (more than 105,000 in Indonesia), making it the deadliest tsunami in recorded history." 01-05

41. Donating for Relief (American Red Cross)
    Provides a form for credit card donations to the Red Cross. 1-05

42. Kobe, a Tsunami Reminder (BBC News)
    "The UN chose to hold its disaster reduction conference here [Kobe] to concentrate minds on the lessons learned from Kobe: that with all the technology and experience Japan has, it was still taken by surprise." 1-05

43. Tsunami - Indian Ocean (NOAA.gov)
    Provides an animation that shows how the Indian Ocean tsunami struck almost every shore on earth. 2-05

44. Animation of the Indian Ocean Tsunami (BBC News)
    Shows clearly how the tsunami moved to shores and did its damage. 12-04

45. Story of a Tsunami - Colored-in Book (NOAA)
    Provides the story of a tsunami in crayon and pen drawings, as well as text. The drawings are well done for a younger reader. Illustrations by Joe Hunt. 2-05

46. Tsunami Animation (BBC News)
    Describes a tsunami in simple animations. 8-05

47. -Prediction in 2002: The Levees Will Destroy New Orleans (PBS.org - Moyers)
    Daniel Zwerdlig: "The American Red Cross lists the worst natural disasters that might strike America. They worry about earthquakes in California, and tropical storms in Florida. But they say the biggest catastrophe could be a hurricane hitting New Orleans."
    
    "The main debate seems to be, when the country is facing different kinds of threats, which ones should get the most attention? The federal government has been cutting money from hurricane protection projects. Partly to pay for the war against terrorists."
    
    "Do you think that the President of the United States and Congress understand that people like you and the scientists studying this think the city of New Orleans could very possibly disappear?"
    
    Walter Maestri [director of emergency management for Jefferson Parish]: "I think they know that, I think that they've been told that. I don't know that anybody, though, psychologically, you know has come to grips with that as-- as a-- a potential real situation. Just like none of us could possibly come to grips with the loss of the World Trade Center. And it's still hard for me to envision that it's gone." 9-05

48. -10-08-05 Thousands Feared Dead from S. Asia Quake (BBC News)
    "Pakistani officials say thousands of people may have died in Saturday's powerful quake that also hit northern India and Afghanistan." 10-05

49. -10-08-05 More than 18 Thousand Die from S. Asia Quake (CBS News)
    "A huge earthquake triggered landslides, toppled an apartment building and flattened villages of mud-brick homes Saturday, killing more than 18,000 people across a mountainous swath touching Pakistan, India and Afghanistan." 10-05

50. -10-08-05 Officials: 20-30,000 Dead from S. Asia Quake (MSNBC News)
    "MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan - Hurt and hungry, families huddled under makeshift tents while waiting for relief supplies Monday after Pakistan’s worst-ever earthquake wiped out entire villages and buried roads in rubble. The death toll stood at 20,000 and was expected to rise."
    
    "The magnitude-7.6 quake collapsed the city’s Islamabad Public School. Soldiers with white cloth tied around their mouths and noses pulled a small girl’s dust-covered body from the ruins, while the body of a boy remained pinned between heavy slabs of concrete."
    
    "The United Nations said more than 2.5 million people need shelter after the magnitude-7.6 earthquake along the Pakistan-India border. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Relief said it urgently needed 200,000 winterized tents." 10-05