Terms: bangladesh
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1. Bangladesh

2. Rulers by Country - A-C (Schulz)
   Provides a list of leaders by country and date. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrein, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin (Dahomey), Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso (Upper Volta), Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cap Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa, former Zaire), Costa Rica, Cote Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, and the Czech Republic (Czechoslovakia). leaders, rulers, Presidents, and Prime Ministers 9-00

3. 03-20-03 Global Protests as War Begins (Guardian Unlimited)
   "The first shots of war set off global protests on the streets and drew dismayed responses from world leaders Thursday. President Bush's main allies stood firmly by him as U.S. flags burned from Berlin to Bangladesh." 3-03

4. -03-23-06 Climate Model Predicts Submerged Cities (Scientific American)
   "Now a refined climate model is predicting, among other things, sea level rises of as much as 20 feet, according to research results published today in the journal Science."
   
   "Such a sea level rise would permanently inundate low-lying lands like New Orleans, southern Florida, Bangladesh and the Netherlands. Already sea level rise has increased to an inch per decade, thanks to melting ice and warm water expansion, according to Overpeck."
   
   " 'We need to start serious measures to reduce greenhouse gases within the next decade," Overpeck says. 'If we don't do something soon, we're committed to [13 to 20 feet] of sea level rise in the future.' " 03-06

5. -10-14-06 Peace Prize for Helping the Poor (Time Magazine)
   "Bangladeshi economist Muhammud Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize not for giving to the poor, but for helping them to help themselves" 10-06

6. Heroes of the Environment (Time.com)
   "We call the men and women on the following pages heroes, but they could just as easily be called speakers for the planet, a planet that is hanging, as one of them put it years ago, in the balance. Some are prophets of peril, like Australian scientist and activist Tim Flannery, who has ceaselessly warned of the dangers of climate change. Others diagnose our planet's ills, like D.P. Dobhal, who scales the shrinking glaciers of the Himalayas to track the globe's warming in real time. There are those ready with solutions, like Abul Hussam, a Bangladeshi chemist who found a simple, life-saving way to purify poisoned water. And there are those with a gift for bringing such solutions to the wider world, like solar tycoon Shi Zhengrong, who became one of the richest men in China by tapping the power of the sun."
   
   "They range from one end of this endangered earth to the other — from Kenya to Korea, Britain to Brazil, Canada to China. By their words and their actions, by their votes and even their checkbooks, TIME's environmental heroes have stepped into the silence, and in doing so, have given the earth a voice. It remains for the rest of us to listen — and join them." 10-07

7. The Elders Meet (ABC News)
   " 'Using their collective experience, their moral courage and their ability to rise above the parochial concerns of nations ? they can help make our planet a more peaceful, healthy and equitable place to live, ' Branson said. 'Let us call them "global elders," not because of their age but because of individual and collective wisdom." '
   
   "Calling it 'the most extraordinary day' of his life, Gabriel said, 'The dream was there might still be a body of people in whom the world could place their trust.' "
   
   "The members [of The Elders] include Desmond Tutu, South African archbishop emeritus of Capetown; former U.S. President Jimmy Carter; former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan; Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland and Mohammed Yunus, the Nobel laureate and founder of the Green Bank in Bangladesh;" singer Peter Gabriel, and billionaire Richard Branson. 11-07

8. Safe Technology for Arsenic Removal (UNU.edu - Johnston and Heijnen)
   "This paper describes some safe water technologies for arsenic removal."
   
   "Coagulation is the most common arsenic removal technology. As many Bangladesh waters contain arsenite, oxidation with chlorine or permanganate is required first. Coagulation with ferric chloride works best at pH below 8." 10-07

9. Two Simple Methods of Reducing Arsenic in Groundwater (Hussam)
   "The first method is simply leaving the groundwater for a few hours in the container and collecting the water by decanting. This method can be used to remove 50-70% arsenic from drinking water containing soluble iron. The efficiency of this method is discussed in relation to water chemistry parameters and chemical equilibrium models. The second method consists of a simple three-pitcher (locally known as ‘3-kalshi’) filtration assembly made entirely from readily available local materials. In a 3- kalshi assembly, the first kalshi has iron chips and coarse sand, the second kalshi has wood charcoal and fine sand, and the third kalshi is the collector for filtered water. About 240 L of arsenic contaminated groundwater and groundwater spiked with high concentrations of both As(III) and As(V) were filtered. It has been shown that more toxic As(III) can be removed from 800 ppb to below the detection limit of 2 ppb. The As(total) can be removed to a level below 10 ppb for most samples even at the highest input concentration of 1000 ppb As(total). The dissolved iron concentration decreased from an average 6000 ppb to 200 ppb. Calculations based on compound formation and arsenic adsorption on hydrous ferric oxide show that, with a constant input of dissolved iron the arsenic removal capacity increases linearly with each kalshi of filtration. The decrease in conductivity by 35% of the original value indicates substantial removal of dissolved ions. The final water quality was comparable to that of the guideline values suggested by World Health Organization and Bangladesh."
   
   "In both series of experiments As(III) was nearly completely removed from a maximum value of 800 ppb to below the detection limit of the instrument (ca. 2 ppb) for all influx. It appears that most of the As(III) is oxidized into more stable As(V) and precipitated in A and B kalshis. It has been recognized that As(III) is more prevalent in groundwater than was previously believed which is a concern because As(III) is more toxic than As(V) (Korte, et. al., 1991; Knowles, et. al., 1983). In Bangladesh, the groundwater contains 43-98% of arsenic in the form of As(III). For direct consumption, this is possibly one of the most toxic groundwater known today. Therefore, the removal of As(III) by any filtration procedure is crucial. In contrast, negligible removal of As(III) from drinking water was achieved by coagulation with alum (Hering, et. al., 1996)."
   
   "The maximum desirable concentration of iron in water is 300 ppb and the maximum permissible concentration is 1000 ppb (see Table 2). Besides causing pots and pans to become brown, at high concentration it can be toxic to small infants (Miah, 1996). The concentration of soluble iron originally present in the well water has decreased significantly, form 6000 ppb to a range of 0 - 480 ppb with an average of 200 ppb which is below the permissible level for most cases. Dissolved iron, primarily present as Fe(II) in groundwater plays a very significant role in removing arsenic and other trace metals." 11-07

10. Arsenic Removal Methods (UNU.edu)
    "In the context of prevalence of high concentrations of arsenic in tubewell water, a wide range technologies has been tried for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The most common technologies utilized the conventional processes of oxidation, co-precipitation and adsorption onto coagulated flocs, adsorption onto sorptive media, ion exchange and membrane techniques for arsenic removal. The conventional technologies have been scaled down to meet the requirements of households and communities and suit the rural environment. Some technologies utilized indigenous materials for arsenic removal. This paper presents a short review of the technologies used for arsenic removal in Bangladesh and India. 11-07

11. The Elders Meet (ABC News)
    " 'Using their collective experience, their moral courage and their ability to rise above the parochial concerns of nations ? they can help make our planet a more peaceful, healthy and equitable place to live, ' Branson said. 'Let us call them "global elders," not because of their age but because of individual and collective wisdom." '
    
    "Calling it 'the most extraordinary day' of his life, Gabriel said, 'The dream was there might still be a body of people in whom the world could place their trust.' "
    
    "The members [of The Elders] include Desmond Tutu, South African archbishop emeritus of Capetown; former U.S. President Jimmy Carter; former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan; Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland and Mohammed Yunus, the Nobel laureate and founder of the Green Bank in Bangladesh;" singer Peter Gabriel, and billionaire Richard Branson. 11-07

12. Bull's Trench Brick Kiln (CD3WD.com)
    "In 1857, in Germany a continuous brick kiln was invented by F. E. Hoffmann. The first kiln had a circular, arched tunnel surrounding the chimney. This reduced the fuel consumption by more than 50% compared to the periodic kilns. Thirty years later, a British engineer, W. Bull, designed an archless version of the Hoffmann kiln, which is now called a Bull' s trench kiln. It is widely used in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar, but is little known elsewhere. Its greatest advantage is its low cost of construction and comparatively low energy consumption." 07-09

13. Longest Solar Eclipse of the Century (MSNBC News)
    "Hordes of scientists, students and nature enthusiasts prepared Tuesday for the longest total solar eclipse of this century, while millions planned to shutter themselves indoors, giving in to superstitious myths about the phenomenon."
    
    "Wednesday's eclipse will first be sighted at dawn in India's Gulf of Khambhat, just north of the metropolis of Mumbai, before being seen in a broad swath moving north and east to Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan and China." 07-09

14. History of Kashmir Conflict (CNN)
    Provides a short modern history of the area in conflict between India and Pakistan. "Britain, bowing to religious schisms at the time, carved the Muslim state of Pakistan out of Indian territory. The Hindu ruler of the predominantly Muslim area of Kashmir acceded later to India - an action which Pakistan never recognized." "Added to the mix, Indian troops helped East Pakistan break away from West Pakistan during a civil war in 1971, leading to the creation of the independent nation of Bangladesh." "India and Pakistan exchange artillery fire almost daily across the cease-fire line that divides Kashmir." Visitors sometimes misspell as Kashmire, Cashmir, or Cashmire. 12-01

15. Asia - Travel Information by Location (Excite.Travel.com)
    Provides information on dining, where to stay, and interesting things to see. Search by city, state, or country. Includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Timor, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, The Philippines, Tibet, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. 3-02

16. Bangaldesh (CountryReports.org)
    Provides a profile by topic, including Economy, Defense, Geography, Government, People, National Anthem, Lyrics and Related Links. Provides a map and a flag. 6-02