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Terms: Prototype
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  1. Autos - Thermophotvoltaic Prototype (Vehicle Research Institute)
      Describes a prototype vehicle that burns methane as a fuel to create infrared heat, which in turn powers photovoltaic cells, which in turn generate electricity to power the car. The cells are considered to be 200 times more efficient than solar photovoltaic cells. The power source is expected to be very clean burning and quiet. 6-01

  2. Researchers Invent a 50-Year Microscopic Battery (Context Weblog)
      "The prototype is the first MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) version of a larger device."

      "The device converts the energy stored in the radioactive material directly into motion. It could directly move the parts of a tiny machine or could generate electricity in a form more useful for many circuits than has been possible with earlier devices." 6-03

  3. Fuel Cells Based on Borate (Chrisian Science Monitor)
      "It involves simple borate - a chemical mined from the ground and used as laundry detergent."

      "The company showed a running prototype minivan at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit earlier this month that demonstrates the viability of the 'borax fuel cell.' "

      "The fuel cell runs on hydrogen taken from sodium borohydride - a man-made chemical - in its 'gas' tank. What's left is borax soap in the tank. The only emission from the tailpipe is steam." 1-04

  4. Fuel Cell Cars Available This Year (PowerFrontiers.com)
      "Hydrogen-powered vehicles, and the fuelling stations to support them will be operated in the Detroit area in Michigan, in Central Florida and in California. The automotive company and the energy provider will provide details of the plan, and show the prototype vehicle and fuelling station."

      "Available for a test drive will be the latest hybrid electric vehicle technology with an advanced fuel cell to create an all-new, highly efficient, zero-emissions Ford Focus sedan." 2-04

  5. X-Ray Technology to Improve View of Universe (BBC News)
      "The researchers have successfully tested a small prototype which if scaled up could be a million times more powerful than today's observatories."

      "Professor Cash said a fully scaled-up version of the design could resolve a region the size of a dinner plate on the surface of the Sun." 8-04

  6. 09-05-04 World's First Offshore Electric Project Starts (MSNBC News)
      "The world’s first offshore project to generate power from waves, built in the Orkney Islands off northern Scotland, has started production and supplied electricity to the grid, the project’s developers have announced."

      "The prototype Pelamis machine, which uses wave motion to turn an electricity producing generator, can supply enough power to run 500 homes. A long cylinder, the machine sits on the water semi-submerged."

      "The initial operating costs are half those of wind power when it launched 20 years ago and are a quarter of those of solar photovoltaic technology, Carcas said."

      "The British government is keen to encourage wave power and recently announced $90 million in support for the wave and tidal power sector." 9-04

  7. John Paul II - The Authoritarian Pope (Alternet.org)
      "John Paul II took an institution just beginning to throw off the chains of centuries of insularity and autocracy and to be plain speaking, reshaped it into what can only be described as a totalitarian institution."

      "In 1958 Pope John XXIII assumed the papacy. Within months he called for an 'aggiornamiento,' a 'bringing up to date' of the church. Church services began to be conducted in native languages. Priests and nuns and laity were given more participation and authority."

      "Pope John XXIII died shortly after Vatican II convened. But the reforms he nurtured took root and flowered under his successor. Journalist Gwynne Dyer recently recalled his impressions after visiting Catholic churches around the world in 1978 in preparation for a televised documentary. 'In southern Africa, Catholics were playing a leading role in resistance to apartheid. In Latin America, the phenomenon of 'liberation theology' was reconnecting the church with the impoverished peasant millions whom it had long ignored. In Europe and North America, the old hierarchies were all under challenge, but especially the hierarchy of gender. Justice and equality were the themes and the energy was astonishing."

      " 'Twenty-five years later,' Dyer sadly observes, 'it is all gone.' "

      "John Paul II attended the Vatican Council meetings in the 1960s and opposed the changes. Upon taking office he undertook to reverse them. To achieve this goal he dramatically centralized and exercised powers."

      "In the 1980s French theologican Marie-Dominique Chenu put it bluntly. John Paul harkens back to the 'prototype of the church as an absolute monarchy.' " 4-05

  8. Metaphors We Live By (TheLiteraryLink.com - Lakoff and Johnson)
      "Research inspired by self-categorization theory, then, suggests that inducing group members to replace cross-cutting demographic or functional categories with the inclusive workgroup boundary as the basis for social categorization will reduce the detrimental effects of intergroup biases (Kramer and Brewer, 1984; Gaertner et al., 1989; Polzer, Stewart, and Simmons, 1999). Such a recategorization should cause workgroup members to replace their personalized self-conception with a cognitive representation of themselves (and other group members) as embodiments of a workgroup prototype (Hogg and Terry, 2000). Such depersonalization heightens group members' perceived similarities and attenuates their perceived differences (Turner, 1985), reducing the detrimental effects of categorical diversity." 11-04

  9. -09-10-05 Energy from Backpack to Replace Batteries (ScienceDaily.com)
      "If you already have a little spring in your step, a team of biologists at the University of Pennsylvania would like to put it to good use by adding a few more springs in the form of a power-generating backpack. Details of their prototype "Suspended-load Backpack" were announced today in the journal Science. The device converts mechanical energy from walking into electricity up to 7.4 Watts more than enough energy to power a number of portable electronic devices at once." 9-05

  10. Open Source Software Project for Elections (Wikifund.org)
      "An open and transparent voting system is crucial to a healthy democracy. Sadly, the current options for voting equipment include problematic manual machines or closed-source electronic solutions, allowing for an absence of a paper trail and no real way of verifying the results. The best solution? Develop an open-source solution that addresses all the major concerns within the current systems, while having the added benefit of being more affordable—and therefore cheaper—for individual counties to implement."

      "The Open Voting Consortium (OVC) has been instrumental in the initial progress toward this goal. A prototype has been built and tested, legislation has been proposed to require open-source solutions, and a plan has been developed to receive national certification for the software." 12-05

  11. Turning the Prius into a Plug-in Hybrid (GreenCarCongress.com)
      "The California Cars Initiative (CalCars), a non-profit startup dedicated to jump-starting the market for plug-in hybrids (PHEV), is building a prototype Prius (the Prius+) capable of functioning as a plug-in hybrid and running in full EV (electric vehicle) mode for longer distances than possible with the original Toyota equipment." 12-06

  12. GM Announces Delivery of Lithium Nanophoshate Batteries for Volt Car (GM-Volt.com)
      "GM has confirmed receiving the first Chevy Volt specific lithium-ion prototype battery pack from the Continental/A123 Systems production team. The pack was delivered to GM’s Mainz Kastel laboratory in Germany on the morning of January 31st." 02-08

  13. -04-07-09 GM, Segway Introduce Urban Vehicle (CBS News)
      "The Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility, or PUMA, project also would involve a vast communications network that would allow vehicles to interact with each other, regulate the flow of traffic and prevent crashes from happening."

      "The 300-pound prototype runs on a lithium-ion battery and uses Segway's characteristic two-wheel balancing technology, along with dual electric motors. It's designed to reach speeds of up to 35 miles-per-hour and can run 35 miles on a single charge." 04-09

  14. Biochar for Making Cheaper Supercapacitors (ISSSource.com)
      "For their project, the team designed, fabricated, and tested a prototype supercapacitor electrode. The group demonstrated biochar’s feasibility as an alternative to activated carbon for electrodes, which can go in hybrid electric automobile batteries or home energy storage in solar panels." 03-12

  15. Diversity and Group Cohesion (FindArticles.com - Administrative Science Quarterly)
      "Research inspired by self-categorization theory, then, suggests that inducing group members to replace cross-cutting demographic or functional categories with the inclusive workgroup boundary as the basis for social categorization will reduce the detrimental effects of intergroup biases (Kramer and Brewer, 1984; Gaertner et al., 1989; Polzer, Stewart, and Simmons, 1999). Such a recategorization should cause workgroup members to replace their personalized self-conception with a cognitive representation of themselves (and other group members) as embodiments of a workgroup prototype (Hogg and Terry, 2000). Such depersonalization heightens group members' perceived similarities and attenuates their perceived differences (Turner, 1985), reducing the detrimental effects of categorical diversity." 11-04

  16. Edible Yards (ABC News)
      "Haeg is trying to change how Americans use their front lawns by placing edible estate prototypes in every area of the country in the hopes of making it a standard design." 08-06

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