Papers -Meta-Study on Vitamin D (Time.com) "The government-backed group looked at 19 clinical trials and 28 observational studies and found that vitamin D, in combination with calcium, can indeed help reduce bone fractures, but that as far as cancer and heart disease are concerned, the data just aren’t conclusive enough to suggest that vitamin D supplements have any benefit." "The USPSTF’s review follows a similar review in 2009, conducted by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). That review, which examined the link between vitamin D and 17 health outcomes, culminated in concrete recommendations for how much vitamin D people should get — 600 IUs daily for most Americans." 12-11 Three Steps to Reduce Bone Loss (US News) Provides three steps to help reduce bone loss: optimize calcium intake, incorporate vitamin D in the diet, and exercise. 02-08 What We Know About Vitamin D Requirements (New York Times) "In any event, unless you are a year-round sun worshiper, a daily supplement of calcium with D, or even a separate supplement of 1,000 units of D, is likely to keep you well below the institute’s upper safe limit. Based on current evidence, unless you have a severe deficiency requiring temporary megadoses to correct, there is no reason to go any higher." "At the same time, you’d be wise to get sufficient weight-bearing exercise and avoid several bone-robbing habits: smoking; eating a lot of salty foods; drinking more than two alcoholic drinks a day; consuming more than the caffeine equivalent of two cups of coffee a day (about 300 milligrams); and eating too little protein. As for soft drinks, Dr. Siris advises a daily limit of two 12-ounce cans, and she’d prefer that soda be only an occasional treat."

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