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Also Try Avian or Bird Flu Disaster Preparation News -03-27-08 Simulated Immune System Reported (Time.com) "You've heard of artificial limbs and artificial hearts but what about artificial immune systems? Add another notch to the test tube: scientists at VaxDesign, a five-year-old biotechnology company based in Orlando, Florida, have created a simulated human immune system, called the Modular Immune In Vitro Construct (MIMIC for short). The dime-sized immune system can predict how humans will respond to new vaccines. The goal? To streamline vaccine research and hasten the eradication of global killers, such as AIDS." 03-08 -12-19-07 Study Reveals Readiness of States for a Pandemic (USA Today) "Thirteen states don't have adequate plans to distribute vaccines and antidotes in the event of a flu pandemic or a bioterrorism attack, according to a health preparedness report out Tuesday." "The Trust for America's Health, a non-partisan research organization, found that states have made significant progress in preparing for major health emergencies since 9/11 and the anthrax attacks of 2001. But large gaps in readiness still exist, the report said." 12-07 -Pandemic (Wikipedia.org) "A pandemic... is an epidemic (an outbreak of an infectious disease) that spreads across a large region, or even worldwide." 01-07 Bubonic Plague (Centers for Disease Control) "People usually get plague from being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handling an infected animal. Millions of people in Europe died from plague in the Middle Ages, when human homes and places of work were inhabited by flea-infested rats. Today, modern antibiotics are effective against plague, but if an infected person is not treated promptly, the disease is likely to cause illness or death." 01-07 Bubonic Plague (EMedicine.com) "The plague has caused more fear and terror than perhaps any other infectious disease in the history of humankind. It has laid claim to nearly 200 million lives and has brought about monumental changes, such as the end of the Dark Ages and the advancement of clinical research in medicine." "Although still debated by historians, the plague has been responsible for at least 3 great pandemics and multiple epidemics in history. The first spread occurred from the Middle East to the Mediterranean basin during the fifth and sixth centuries AD, killing approximately 50% of the population in these areas. The second pandemic afflicted Europe between the 8th and 14th centuries, destroying nearly 40% of the population. The third pandemic started in approximately 1855 in China, and, although it has been mostly controlled, it is still ongoing." 01-07 Bubonic Plague (RareDiseases.about.com) "Bubonic plague is a potentially fatal bacterial infection. It causes swollen, tender lymph nodes, high fever, and chills. The infected person may develop serious illnesses such as pneumonia, blood poisoning, or meningitis." 01-07 Bubonic Plague (Wikipedia.org) "Bubonic plague is the best-known variant of the deadly infectious disease plague, which is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. The epidemological use of the term plague is currently applied to bacterial infections that cause buboes, although historically the medical use of the term plague was applied to pandemic infections generally." Bubonic plague is sometimes called the "black plague." 01-07 History of Epidemics and Plagues (Hartford.edu) "Every infection is a race between the microbes and the host. The microbe, following the indelible rules of evolution, strives to survive and reproduce, while the host's immune system mounts a warlike defense designed to find, destroy, and eliminate it. An agent that kills its host quickly cannot be expected to survive long enough to reproduce. Thus excessive virulence is not selected for in evolution. Germs, which can reproduce and be passed from one host to another, are favored." 01-07 Papers Flu Factsheet for Persons Exposed (Health.State.MN.US) "Avian influenza refers to a large group of different influenza viruses that primarily infect birds. A pandemic occurs when an avian influenza strain adapts to become easily transmissible between humans, e.g., by coughing and sneezing. Once this adaptation occurs, it will no longer be a bird virus - it will be a human influenza virus." 02-08 Planning for Pandemics (PandemicToolkit.com) "In preparing business continuity plans, there are ten critical areas that businesses should examine." 07-07 Report: Recommendations on Who to Let Die (U.S. News) "Doctors know some patients needing lifesaving care won't get it in a flu pandemic or other disaster. The gut-wrenching dilemma will be deciding who to let die." 05-08 Respirators for Pandemics (CDC.gov) Provides a list of NIOSH-Approved N95 Disposable Particulate Respirators for use in case of a flu pandemic. 07-07 Respirators for Pandemics (UCLA) "The N95 rating [for face masks] meets the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for protection against tuberculosis and anthrax spores, as well as the most foreseeable bioweaponry, which ranges in size from 1.0 to 5.0 microns. So the N95s are more than capable of preventing their inhalation." "Even in a biological attack, the masks have major shortcomings. Like fit." " 'Does it have a nose piece like a metal clip you can bend over your nose? That's a better model because the big kicker here is getting a good fit,' Utgoff says." "Bad fits are deadly. Contaminated air breathed from around the unfiltered edges instead of through the N95-rated material undermines the purpose of a mask." "And, got a beard? 'Shave it,' says Breysse, who recommends duct-taping the mask to your face to make a good fit." 07-07 Purchase Resources Respirators for Pandemics (Nextag.com) Provides sources for N95 respirators or face masks. Awesome Library does not endorse these products but provides them as examples. 07-07 Respirators for Virus Protection (Tasco-Safety.com) "Particulate respirators may be used to reduce exposure to particles that are small enough to be inhaled - particles less than 100 microns (µm) in size. This includes airborne particles that may contain biological material, e.g. mold, Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the virus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), etc." For protection from viruses, a respirator must pass the NIOSH N95 test. 02-08

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