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Papers "Carbon-Neutral" Won't Be Enough (Soil Carbon Coalition.org) "What this means is that our current widespread advocacy of CO2 emissions reduction has little leverage on what most scientists regard as the cause of global warming—the highest atmospheric CO2 levels in hundreds of thousands of years. The assumption that CO2 emissions reductions will do the trick has become popular groupthink, not subject to scrutiny because it's what we all know, and may seem like the only available option. Once again, we are goading ourselves into a gallant cavalry charge into the barbed wire." "Carbon-neutral won't be enough. We have to be carbon-negative, to be pulling carbon out of the atmosphere into some safe, stable place. Various technologies have been proposed for this, but so far they haven't succeeded in solving the immense storage or disposal issues, and they require energy. The oxidation or burning of carbon compounds yields energy, and the reverse reactions require energy. Reversing the Keeling curve will require enormous amounts of energy." "The development of soil organic matter in cropland and grassland soils in the world could take atmospheric carbon concentrations down to preindustrial levels, if we also quit burning fossil fuels. (See the calculation.) This would require a transformation of agriculture and land management, and of decision making and politics as well---all tending to increase the resilience of local communities." 06-08 Activities to Encourage Soil Carbon Opportunities (Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership) "Activities in forestry and agriculture can reduce and divert the atmospheric buildup of the three most important GHGs directly emitted by human actions: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Adoption of recommended management practices can enhance soil carbon, and improve soil quality and productivity. The opportunities to enhance soil carbon include: increasing the soil organic carbon concentration, improving water and nutrient use efficiencies and improving biomass productivity. Terrestrial sequestration is considered a near term approach to reducing GHGs because it can be implemented today. Moreover, soils provide a significant reservoir for organic carbon, storing twice as much as the atmosphere and three times as much as plants." 06-08 Microbials for Carbon Sequestration (Chemilizer.com) "Their ability to store light as sugar requires that the organisms consume carbon dioxide (CO2). This means that in addition to improving plant growth and overall health, Inoculaid® is also a powerful tool for reducing the greenhouse effect, the mechanism responsible for global warming." 08-08 No-Till Farming (Conservation Agriculture Systems Alliance) "Across North America voluntary producer organizations work hard to promote no-till systems and other practices that provide economic benefits as well as environmental benefits to their regions. These organizations share similar missions and goals, encounter similar challenges and struggle with all too common problems." 06-08 No-Till Farming (Grist.org) "In essentially all cases where conservation tillage was found to sequester C[arbon], soils were only sampled to a depth of 30 cm or less, even though crop roots often extend much deeper. In the few studies where sampling extended deeper than 30 cm, conservation tillage has shown no consistent accrual of SOC [soil organic carbon], instead showing a difference in the distribution of SOC, with higher concentrations near the surface in conservation tillage and higher concentrations in deeper layers under conventional tillage ... Long-term, continuous gas exchange measurements have also been unable to detect C gain due to reduced tillage." 06-08 No-Till Farming (ReducedTillage.ca) "The RTL Agronomy Library contains hundreds of articles from getting started in direct seeding to fine tuning no till systems. Topics include seeding equipment, residue management, weed control, crop rotations, soil quality and much more." 06-08 No-Till Farming (Wikipedia.org) "No-till farming is considered a kind of conservation tillage system and is sometimes called zero tillage. It is a way of growing crops from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage. Once called chemical farming, the terminology was changed[who?] in order to promote the idea of no-till farming being more natural. It is becoming more common as researchers study its effects and farmers uncover its economic benefits." 06-08 Proposed Legislation to Encourage Soil Carbon Opportunities (Brownback.Senate.gov) " 'This legislation will provide a conservation payment for farmers who voluntarily increase their soil carbon conservation efforts,' Brownback said." 06-08 Saving Marshes for Carbon Sequestration and Water Quality (Science Daily) "Soil scientists spread material dredged from shipping channels over shore areas to help rebuild marsh areas. Wetlands along the shore protect the land from storm surges, create habitat for wildlife, and the plants that grow in them could sequester three to eight tons of carbon dioxide per acre every year." 08-08 Soil Carbon Sequestration Fundamentals (OSU.edu) "Soil carbon sequestration is the process of transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic solids, and in a form that is not immediately reemitted. This transfer or 'sequestering' of carbon helps off-set emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other carbon-emitting activities while enhancing soil quality and long-term agronomic productivity. Soil carbon sequestration can be accomplished by management systems that add high amounts of biomass to the soil, cause minimal soil disturbance, conserve soil and water, improve soil structure, and enhance soil fauna activity. Continuous no-till crop production is a prime example." 06-08 Soil Organic Matter Needed to Bring Down Atmospheric Carbon (Soil Carbon Coalition.org) "In Allan Yeomans’s book Priority One: Together We Can Beat Global Warming (2005, 2007), he states that an additional 1.6% of the top 12 inches of the world’s cropland and grazing land soils turned into organic matter would bring atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations below 300 ppm (if we also quit adding carbon to the atmosphere). This figure is based on removing 80 parts per million of atmospheric CO2." 06-08

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